Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking - Essay Example ver, recent years have shown the will of the two nations to come a peace agreement but political analysts have argued that the influence of outside forces is greater than their will to negotiate a peace deal. One significant external force directly linked to this conflict is the United States. The United States is perceived as a great ally of the Israeli nation. At the same time the nation is directly involved in the quest for peace in the region. In an argument by Citron (2006) the relationship between the United States and Israel is the greatest hindrance to a peace strategy between the Arab and the Israeli. The author further argues that the United States protects nuclear activities carried out by Israel but greatly condemn if any Arab nations use the same weapons. With this intervention, the quest for peace in the region has become an imagination that may never be achieved. It is also an obvious assumption that the Arab population has a significant level of hate against the United States. And their involvement in the conflict in the Gaza does not make the situation better. One could easily argue that the role of the United States in this particular conflict is to safeguard its interest and their diplomatic relationship with Israel. However, to their defense the United States government has on several occasions claimed that its involvement in the conflict is based on its responsibility to stop the use of dangerous nuclear weapons rejected across the globe. Additionally, its significance in the global political front puts the nation in a position whereby it has the obligation to act as the negotiator in this conflict. In an argument by Citron (2006) with the majority of the Arab nation against the role of the United States in the conflict, would it be better if the negotiating responsibility was given to a neutral nation? The same notion is shared by Maoz (2006) who argues that the Arab/Israeli conflict has been heightened by the constant interference of the

Lady Anne Essay Example for Free

Lady Anne Essay In Richard the third, there are many different female characters that are put in contrast to men. The audience is aware of their presence and effect on the men in the play. In this essay the four main female characters will have a character analysis and viewing scenes when women overcome men or either the men make them look vulnerable. The traditional view of men was that they were Dominant, strong, brave, owner and Lord of all that he possessed. The traditional view of women was the object of possession, weak, obedient and homely. They were taught to stay at home, cook for the husband and bring up the children, also to generally do everything in her power to look beautiful for her husband. Men were expected to go out and work, to bring in money to bring up his family, to treat his wife as he saw fit and to be the master of the house. Shakespeares time is actually different to Richard the thirds time, however the view on women is still the same. However, ironically some of the strongest monarchs that England has seen have been women. This shows that although times change, women can still prove to be just as strong as the men. Such as, Bodica who lead her Viking troops into war and defeated the Romans many times. Elizabeth the first was also a very strong monarch in Shakespeares time. That time was a patriarchal society, so men, who could influence the characters in Richard the third, dominated it. Women are seen as the victims. However, the longest reigning monarch is Victoria who reigned for 60 years. This demonstrates long life, strength in war and battle, and also strength of mind in many situations. Shakespeares female characters have been demonstrated as weak. Such as Lady Macbeth. When she knows she has to murder another human, she calls unsex me now, which would demonstrate her needing to lose her traditional feminine self and caring characteristics to enable her to do such a deed. She has been subverted to the patriarchal society. Another female character that Shakespeares written of, is Hero in Much ado about nothing. She plays a weak character that the male villains set up a plot against her in front of her betrothed and other male witnesses. The plot is then announced in front of her whole family and household. She is disgraced and Claudio will not marry her. In order to prove her innocence, she has to deceive all of her household until her innocence is found when she can truly step back into society. However, a very strong character is shown in the same play. Beatrice is a strong minded, outspoken and somewhat swaggering. Especially in her responses when Benedict challenges her, a male character that mirrors her perfectly. If the play were not set in such a loving family environment, she would not be accepted as an honorable wife or possession. How the story ends is her strong character is just a front, and she loses it when she falls in love with her reflective character, as she does not feel threatened anymore. In Richard the third, there are many female characters that reflect Shakespeares views on females. The first character analysis is of Lady Anne: She is a woman in control and shows this in the first sexual scene when Richard seduces her. She is shown up at first as weak. She is walking behind the coffin of her dead father; this shows that the strong male in her life is no longer there to support her. She is also in mourning and very vulnerable as she could be bewildered about her emotions. Richard knows this and so he makes sure it is used to his advantage. Everything he says to try and woe her though, she throws back at him. Line 50 Act 1 scene2 Foul devil [ ] trouble us not and on Line 70 villain, [ ] no beast so fierce. These are insults thrown at Richard to make it seem like she does not care for his compliments and this male character will not knock her down. She represents female characters as strong in this scene, even if it is just a front to protect her from the exposed position she finds herself in. However, Richard always replies with a compliment in order to woe her and targets her vanity. This works and she shows that she is helpless when she is flattered by comments like Line 49 act 1 scene 2 Sweet saint [ ] be not so curst. Here, Richard is deluding her whilst aiming at her weakness as he does with each of his victims in different ways. The significance that she is a woman is important because it demonstrates her as being a specific target that he is weakening.

The Metamorphosis of Paul Baumer in All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

The Metamorphosis of Paul Baumer in All Quiet on the Western Front       Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque's protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons-parents, elders, school, religion-that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer's realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not understand the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does understand the truth as Baumer has experienced it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remarque demonstrates Baumer's disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer's pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents,too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one's parents were ready with the word 'coward'" (Remarque, All Quiet I.

A College Degree: What’s the Point?

Nowadays there are many millionaires and even billionaires, who don’t have a college degree. Some of them quit collage while others didn’t even step foot into collage. The entertainment industry is filled with high school dropouts and people who never stepped inside college, yet these people are often millionaires, earning millions of dollars. This leaves one wondering whether a college degree is really necessary or can one do without one.In this era that is riddled with economic recession and unemployment, the world is no longer as friendly to college graduates as it used to be in past decades. More and more fresh graduates are finding themselves unemployed or in jobs without security as the world becomes more and more competitive.John Goes argues that modern education has two purposes; to show that one was smart enough to get into college, and to show a prospective employer that one may be smart enough to learn their job-specific skills. He argues that college degrees have become the modern day IQ tests to determine employability following the ban of IQ testing of job-applicants by the governments (Goes, par4).John Goes further argues that nowadays people have been conditioned to think that anybody can get a college degree. A few decades ago it was accepted that half the people were below average. Only half the people got high school diplomas and only 1 in 20 students managed to obtain a Bachelors degree.Today the statistics indicate that there is an 80% to 90% high school diploma attainment rate (Goes, par5). What is worse is that the cost of acquiring a college degree is now very high. So high that, one Trina Thompson filled a law suite against her alma mater Monroe College for the refund of the $70,000 tuition due to the fact that no one wants to employ someone with a worthless degree. She accused the college for false advertising (Goes, par6).But, to say that college degrees are now worthless is to be shortsighted. The benefits of acquiring a college degree may not be evident in the short-term but are always plenty in the long run. The fact that more people are getting degrees nowadays does not mean that college degrees have lost their value rather it shows that college degrees have become more valuable. Acquiring a college degree definitely puts one ahead in the job market.The recession that hit the world last year resulted in the loss of many jobs. What is to note however is that the majority of the jobs lost were jobs in the manufacturing industry. These jobs were mainly blue collar jobs that were mostly taken by high school graduates and dropouts. Once the recession hit, many companies closed shop, others relocated their operations to more labor economic countries.It was reported that the US economy had shed 131,000 jobs by 6th August this year and that unemployment rates remained stuck at 9.5% (Aljazeera, par1). The private sector only managed to create 71, 000 jobs. Experts say that this rate is too slow for the country to recover its pre-recession employment rate.Blue collar jobs are routine jobs which are more manual and do not require a lot of mental output. Being manual, these jobs can be easily done by other people given the right instructions or by machines which have been programmed to do these tasks. Therefore people who work in blue collar jobs are easily dispensable.However, jobs that are more technical and requiring of high skills are often the kinds that require degrees. Even in the recession many college graduates did not lose their jobs. Even when they lost their jobs it was possible for them to search for telecommute jobs which more and more companies began to offer as alternative employment to laid off employees. High skill jobs like financial jobs and medical jobs continue to pay off in spite of the recession.What’s more college degrees attract higher pay. The acquisition of a college degree in a particular field usually makes the person specialized. Specialization l eads to mastering of ones work and creating high skills which make the person a professional in his field of specialization. College graduates earn an average of $20, 000, far much more than non-college graduates (Milliken, par2). Experts argue that college graduates have significantly lower unemployment rates, rely less on public assistance and enjoy better health making them an asset to any employer and country.Because the current world is still as keen on academic certificates as it was three decades ago, perhaps even more so as competition for jobs continues to go up. It is no wonder then that professionals continue to go back to college to acquire higher degrees in order to improve their skills and therefore their chances of promotion and better pay. In fact when an employee seeks to get a promotion the best tactic would be to get a college degree, because coupled with the person’s work experience a college degree is like having gold in ones possession.Another reason for one to get a college degree would be for the purpose of self fulfillment. All of us are born with the need to excel, for some of us this need is so great that it cannot be ignored. This need is ever present within us so that if we settle for anything less that we ha envisioned for ourselves than we end up miserable.The acquisition of a college degree is one a venue of fulfilling our need to excel. Going to college has become second-nature majority of college educated parents and their children. Jay Mathews defines it as instinctual as tacking an August vacation (Mathews, par4). With so many people dropping out of high school or even never proceeding to college getting a college degree remains an achievement worth acknowledging.So many people are stuck in a job that they may not like, or a job that may not pay them nearly enough to survive and meet their basic needs and the basic needs of their families. Often the acquisition of a college degree is usually the means of achieving the ir desire for a better paying job and a more fulfilling one. A college degree is therefore a means of self fulfillment and acquiring the social and financial status that one dreams of.Some millionaire and billionaires may not have a college degree, but college degrees remain important and valuable. Bill Gates had to go to college in order for him to get the inspiration to start Microsoft. Even though he did not graduate he got knowledge that helped him build his dream. College is a mine of ideas and knowledge, and no one should miss out on an opportunity to acquire either or both of these.ReferencesGoes, John. What Is the Point of a College Education. 24 August 2009. 7 August 2010http://media.www.chicagoflame.com/media/storage/paper519/news/2009/08/24/Opinions/Whats.The.Point.Of.A.College.Education-3755931.shtmlAljazeera. US Employers Shed 131,000 Jobs. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/08/20108616525186107.htmlMilliken, James. Growing Imp ortance of a College Education. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010.http://fremonttribune.com/news/opinion/columnists/article_ab479f02-a161-11df-9183-001cc4c03286.htmlMathews, Jay. Patrick Welsh Is Wrong About Too Many Going to College. 29 July 2010. 7 August 2010. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/class-struggle/2010/07/patrick_welsh_is_wrong_about_t.html   

Legalizing Same Sex Marriage

Damien. Lorden Unit 3 Individual Project There are many cause and effects to legalizing same-sex marriage, whether they are beneficial or not depends on the situation at hand. It’s becoming more common in today’s society to be homosexual. Most of the older generations think that it’s something that shouldn’t be legalized, weather it is has to deal with religion, someone’s way of life or whatever else the case may be.Although on the other hand, the younger generations now are becoming more accepting of the thought of same-sex couples. Most young adults/teenagers think that same-sex marriage is acceptable; that everyone should have the right to be happy and love is love no matter what they are. Even though there have been some good bad explanations to why same-sex marriage shouldn’t be legal; there are also many reasons why same-sex marriage should be legalized. There are many benefits to legalizing same-sex marriage that most neglect to realiz e.According to Ramesh Ponnuru in â€Å"Coming out Ahead,† Ponnuru states, â€Å"three causes that change the public’s attitude towards same-sex marriage are sexual revolution, gay activism in the 1990’s, and the disappointment of social conservative organizations† (Ponnuru, 2003). He continues to state â€Å"it’s time for conservatives to take their cue from the New Jersey Nets, or maybe from those hard-luck kids, the Boston Red Sox† (Ponnuru, 2003). He explains how it’s time to accept the revolution and stop trying to use other problems to avoid the difference in lifestyles of the old days and face the new upcoming eras.The times are changing and so should the way the government compares the new rules and regulations of today to previous eras and generations. The way people think and live today are similar, but not the same to how we thought and lived back then. The technology, economy, government, and even schools have changed throu ghout time. If inanimate objects can change throughout time with rules and regulations changing based on their evolution, why can’t rules and regulation change based on era changes/evolutions?In â€Å"What Century Is This Anyway† Edmund White states how â€Å"his generation watched their families marry and with that, 1 out of every 2 marriages ended with a divorce† (White, 1998). With White’s previous quote it could be used as a statement to help benefit legalizing same-sex marriage because: with legalizing same-sex marriage it could help by increasing marriage rates and help with lowering or at least maintaining the divorce rate. â€Å"The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was the state of Massachusetts in 2004† (ProCon. org, 2013).This had lead Massachusetts to have â€Å"their divorce rate lowered 21% between the years 2003 and 2008 also resulting in the lowest divorce rate in the country in 2008† (ProCon. org, 2013). On the other hand, â€Å"Alaska was the first state to alter its constitution to ban same-sex marriage in 1998 causing an increase of 17. 2% in its divorce rate† (ProCon. org, 2013). â€Å"Between the years 2003 to 2008, the seven states with the highest divorce rating all had constitutional prohibitions to same-sex marriage† (ProCon. org, 2013). Most would think that divorce rates count for at least something in the government and economy today.On the gaymarriage. procon. org website is a list of pros and cons for legalizing same-sex marriage. According to one of the many pros listed, â€Å"same-sex marriage could benefit everyone by financial gain to state and local governments† (ProCon. org). Between â€Å"marriage licenses, higher income taxes (the so-called â€Å"marriage penalty†), and the decreases in costs for state benefit programs. The Comptroller for New York City found that legalizing gay marriage would bring $142 million to the City’s economy and $184 million to the State’s economy over three years† (ProCon. org). Same-sex marriage will also make it easier for same-sex couples to adopt† (ProCon. org, 2013). This would benefit the â€Å"US with the 100,000 children are waiting to be adopted, a longitudinal study published in Pediatrics on June 7, 2010† (ProCon. org, 2013). This study â€Å"found that children of lesbian mothers were rated higher than children of heterosexual parents in social and academic competence. The children also had fewer social problems† (ProCon. org, 2013). â€Å"Another study on July 2010 found that children of gay fathers were â€Å"as well-adjusted as those adopted by heterosexual parents†Ã¢â‚¬  (ProCon. rg, 2013) In conclusion, legalizing same-sex marriage can be a very beneficial thing for our government as well as the economy. With the change of times, generations and eras, it’s time to change the ways and views of traditional values. â€Å"Two people of the same sex who love each other should be allowed to publicly celebrate their commitment and receive the same benefits of marriage as opposite sex couples† (ProCon. org). â€Å"There is no such thing as traditional marriage† (ProCon. org). It’s time to except the revolution!

Rise of Christianity essays

Rise of Christianity essays Sub: RISE OF CHRISTIANITY AMONGST THE ROMANS, The rise of the Christian religion amongst our Roman people is indeed a serious cause of concern, and I have, upon your esteemed orders carried a detailed study on the numerous causes of this new religion's success. Please allow me to present some of these causes, which I am certain will be a source of enlightenment for you as well as the other leaders of our great Roman Empire. As my present letter will explain, some of the important reasons for the continued success of the Christian religion lies in our policies of tolerating alien gods, the belief and practice of martyrs which strengthened the Christian religion, and most significant reason of all, the willingness of the elite, the educated as well as the general masses alike in accepting the Christian religion. My dear Emperor, it has been our Roman belief and part of our policies to allow freedom to our people to obey a number of gods, as we do, such as our gods, Jupiter, Mercury, and Neptune to name but a few. Thus, the rise and growth of Christianity by obeying their god comes as no surprise. The absence of any single law or rule in the Roman Empire against persecution of believers of alien gods, makes it all the more suitable for any religion to prosper without any hindrance or obstruction from state authorities, thus the rise and growth of this religion. As will be evident from our own history, it was not before Emperor Deicius, that some form of persecution began in the issuance of edicts, that the spread of Christianity was interrupted. Furthermore, even the issuance of these edicts did little to actually stop the rise of Christianity, as the holy scriptures of this religion already foretold the events, and only proved what was already written. In fact, these steps only strengthened their beliefs, and were construed to be a step in the right direction. My dear Emperor, another reason for the speedy rise and grow...

The Use of I in First Person Narration

The Use of I in First Person Narration The Use of â€Å"I† in First Person Narration The Use of â€Å"I† in First Person Narration By Maeve Maddox Graham Broadley wrote: If I am writing a short story in the first person are there any tips or tricks for avoiding the overuse of the word i? My usual writing style leans towards short sentences but this seems to increase the frequency of the word â€Å"I† popping up.   Are longer sentences a way round the problem? Also, Im trying to avoid sentences starting with â€Å"I†.   Do you have any advice, tips and tricks for writing in the first person? It is inevitable that writing in first person will require frequent use of I, me, and myespecially I. This should not present a problem. In a first person narration, the pronoun â€Å"I† is probably as invisible to the reader as the word â€Å"said.† Besides, the point of writing in first person is to establish an intimate bond with the reader. The reader becomes the â€Å"I† of the story. Listen to your own words and thoughts during the course of a day. The word â€Å"I† is probably the most frequent word that forms in your mind and comes from your mouth. Plenty of websites discuss the use of first person narration, but I think the best way to see what works and what doesn’t is to analyze a published work of fiction. You might want to analyze some of your favorite writers to see how they deal with the pronoun I. For example, in preparing this post I took a close look at the way Laurie R. King handles it. Laurie R. King is a prolific writer, averaging a book a year since the publication of her first novel in 1993. She has created not one, but two mystery series. One is set in contemporary California and features Inspector Kate Martinelli. The other is set in the era of Sherlock Holmes and features Mary Russell. King has also written several stand-alone novels. So far I’ve read only some of the Mary Russell books. I find them intelligent, entertaining, and unputdownable. I’ll analyze a few pages to see how King deals with the problems mentioned by our reader. In the first chapter of A Letter of Mary, about 2,000 words, the pronoun â€Å"I† appears 60 times. Note: All of these figures are approximate. Here’s the breakdown on how the pronoun I is distributed: Mary 39 Holmes 7 Dorothy Ruskin (in a letter) 14. The paragraph with the greatest number contains nine: †Megalomania, perhaps; senility, never.† I stood and watched a small fishing boat lying off shore, and I wondered what to do. The work was going slowly, and I could ill afford to take even half a day away from it. On the other hand, it would be a joy to spend some time with that peculiar old lady, whom I indeed remembered very well. Also, Holmes seemed interested. It would at least provide a distraction until I could decide what needed doing for him. â€Å"All right, we’ll have her here a day sooner, then, on the Wednesday. I’ll suggest the noon train. I’m certain Mrs Hudson can be persuaded to leave something for our tea, so we need not risk our visitor’s health. I also think I’ll go to Town tomorrow and drop by the British Museum for a while. Will you come?† Sentence length does not seem to have much to do with the frequency of I. King’s sentences tend to be long. Sentences that begin with the pronoun I don’t particularly jump out. In the analyzed passage, 14 of the narrator’s 39 subject pronouns begin sentences. Bottom line: Write your first person story without worrying about the pronouns. You can always see ways to reduce them in revision, if you think it’s necessary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†The Possessive ApostropheMay Have vs. Might Have

5 New Reasons To Love CoSchedule [Feature Updates] - CoSchedule Blog

5 New Reasons To Love [Feature Updates] Blog It’s been a busy few months at . We’ve been pushing out features and updates like a beast! Here’s the big list from January, February, March, and April so you can easily stay in the loop with what’s new and awesome at ! 5 New Reasons To Love Your #1 most requested integration, Pinterest, was added to the social queue. We added a sleek new feature to the social queue to help gauge the health of your message schedule. developers worked their magic on the app to make your calendar run even faster and even developed two insanely smart features- Best Time Scheduling and Social Templates- to save you endless hours and make your social messages robust and wicked smart. 1. Schedule Your Pins On Pinterest Your #1 most requested integration is now officially part of the editorial calendar! Save tons of time, with our Pinterest integration, and schedule your Pins directly from . Share visual content from any posts or piece of content to help Pinners discover your blog. You can now save a ton of time by scheduling Pins to #Pinterest with .Use to plan out all your Pins so you can share with your audience at the right time.  And even schedule Pins from around the web to share with your audience with the Chrome Extension social curation tool! Recommended Read:  The Ultimate Guide On How To Use Pinterest For Marketing 2. Gauge The Health Of Your Social Media Schedule Next on our list of updates is the Gas Gauge! Scheduling social media can be slow and tedious. Even more, it can be hard to know if you have the right balance of social messages for your content. To solve  that challenge, we built the Social Queue, and now, its got an even sleeker design to track the health of your social media schedule. With this sleek NEW design, the gas gauge will: Give you a quick snapshot of the total number of unsent messages (no more guessing). Tell you when you need to add more to your social queue. Gauge the health of your social schedule with red, yellow, and green indicators, ensuring you get the most traffic for your effort. Make your life A LOT  easier. 3. Is Better, Faster, Stronger ’s app is better, FASTER, stronger. The calendar is your bread and butter, and we want to make sure that the calendar you use every day gets better and better- even if all the magic takes place under the hood where no one sees it. So while this isn’t the coolest announcement, ’s Ember.js updates will make your life a lot easier. Your editorial calendar is faster than ever!4. Schedule Dozens Of Social Media Messages In Bulk Not only is getting faster, it’s getting smarter. Many of you  have a love-hate relationship with social scheduling- it’s repetitive and tedious- and yet you  know it’s extremely important to your content marketing strategy. As of April though, that love-hate relationship has turned into a love-love relationship. :) Yep, no joke.

Future Direction of Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future Direction of Health Care - Essay Example One of the most important challenges that will influence the future strategic direction of the healthcare sector is the advancement of information technology. The sector will face challenges with the implementation of technological platforms such as electronic medical and health records. For instance, the sector has to train workers on how to use the platform in order to maximize service delivery and achieve organizational goals (Shi & Singh, 2010). Additional complications may emerge in cases where service providers try to avoid penalties because of the failure to implement the platforms. The issue of information confidentiality is also applicable in this case. Users of healthcare information technology must maintain high levels of confidentiality, while ensuring that the systems are safe and efficient. The healthcare sector will expectedly experience a shortage of skilled workers. Most of the skilled and experienced workers are within the retirement age. The fact that the workforce is aged leads to problems of reduced productivity. When the retiring workforce leaves the workplace, there will be a loss of skill, knowledge and experience (Shi & Singh, 2010). In addition to the retiring workforce, the healthcare sector faces competition for workers from other countries and international organizations. Most healthcare practitioners are relocating to countries such as Singapore and Malaysia. Economics will influence the future strategic direction of healthcare because they determine the cost of healthcare and the availability of financial resources for the management of the sector. Government programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are unsustainable (Shi & Singh, 2010). The current structure of these programs is not sufficient for the achievement of their goals. Funding towards these programs increase yearly, but they are not able to provide services to their target

CV personal statement with 2 page to answer Assignment

CV personal statement with 2 page to answer - Assignment Example 3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate ? 2-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate ? phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate ? pyruvate pyruvate ? acetaldehyde acetaldehyde ? ethanol B) The result that would be obtained if muscle tissue were used instead of yeast 2 marks Since in muscles NAD is exhausted, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid to be able to produce NADH. PRACTICAL 4 1. Based on the approximate free energy changes for their hydrolysis, ADP, ATP and creatinine phosphate are expected to be better phosphate donors than glucose 6-phosphate and AMP, because the former three undergo hydrolysis that have more negative free energy changes than that of the latter two. This means that their hydrolysis is more spontaneous. 6. The solutions containing ATP, ADP, AMP, and glucose 6-phosphate ranked first, second, third, and fourth, respectively, in the amount of 680 nm absorbed, and subsequently the amount of inorganic phosphates produced. This ranking also indicates the willingness of th ese compounds to donate phosphate. PERSONAL STATEMENT I have the passion to teach different subjects, biochemistry in particular, due to a variety of reasons. First, biochemistry is an interesting and exciting subject to be involved in, because of the number of experiments that could be conducted and the potential to formulate new experiments. There is always something new to spark the interest of students. In addition, these experiments can have tangible and measurable products, usually with visible changes, usually colorimetric in character. This can encourage and motivate the students to do the experiments, despite probably experiencing setbacks and not seeing results. Moreover, the topics of biochemistry are easily applicable to their lives, and so they will find the sense and reason behind studying these lessons and conducting the experiments. For example, knowing how our food, through its production of ATP, powers our daily activities can be easily applicable and understandabl e since eating is a common human process that, when not undertaken, results in weakness. However, I know that teaching is a difficult job to do. Although biochemistry is an enjoyable topic to discuss, I know that I should be hardworking, patient, passionate and creative in teaching my students. It is my belief that the potential of biochemistry being enjoyed by the students can only be realized if the teacher is able to tap its strengths and blunt its weaknesses. I should be able to formulate enjoyable and exciting experiments by using reactions that produce color changes. If the students do not perform the experiments well the first time, I should be patient in guiding my students to the eventual achievement of desired result. If my students see these characteristics in my personality, I hope they can imbibe these good qualities so that they can bring it as they grow older. Hopefully, I will be given the chance of not only giving my students knowledge, but teaching them qualities t hat can help them in the future. SUMMARY Chemical processes are vital in providing energy for all the functions of living things. Their extensive characterization entails the conduct of experiments that looked into the reactions’ different aspects. In part 1, intermediates of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis can be studied despite their low steady state concentrations by inhibiting the processing enzymes, in this case by exposing pyruvate decarboxylase to alkaline conditions. Aside from looking at the intermediates, other compounds, such as enzymes and

US foreign policy during the Iraq Iran war Essay

US foreign policy during the Iraq Iran war - Essay Example The foreign policy of America is very influential to the world since it is the only super power left. The US foreign policy towards Iraq was illegitimate since it contravened the procedures and justifications provided by the United Nation’s charter. The UN charter stipulates clearly the procedures that should be followed by a country to perpetrate coercion or violence to another state. The UN charter is the only legitimate basis that a country can use to attack another sovereign state since it has been reached through consensus by the member states forming the United Nations. The United States of America acted in total disregard of this charter and used its influence in the world to attack the regime of Saddam Hussein, condemning it of threatening the world peace. Iraq was supported by America during its war with Iran; it was assisted both financially and technologically. The US supported Saddam despite the fact that it knew that it was Iraq that had invaded Iran as a result o f border disputes which had been in existence for several years. The US used its foreign policies in an attempt to solve the crisis but was biased since it decided to support one side.The war was also as a result of suspicions of Shia insurgency which was influenced largely by the revolution in Iran. The United States of America supported the Iraq government and as a result about half a million people died comprising soldiers from both countries and civilians too. A lot of economic loss was also lost, the US which was supposed to use its foreign policies to enable it to effectively play the role of big brother to help the two countries resolve their differences, instead took sides in the war which only made matters worse. In fact, before the war began, American president, Carter, gave Saddam Hussein and his government the much needed green light for him to invade Iran. Zbigniew Brzezinski, the United States national security advisor met the Iraq president in Jordan so as to discuss how the two nations can join their efforts to oppose Iran on the issue of the border disputes which was the main contentious issue between the Iranians and the Iraqis (Gerber, Para 7-8). Brzezinski recommended in a memorandum, the destabilization of Iran by the US government by use of the surrounding countries. Although, the government of the united states of America denied any involvement in the Iraq-Iran war in the early 1980s, a few months before Iraq invaded Iran the US security advisor indicated that US was willing to work with Iraq. Just two months before Saddam Hussein invaded Iran, Brzezinski assured him that US was fully behind the Iraq government and that US was not opposed to the separation of the Khuzestan which was part of Iran. In this case the united states used their influence to attack Iran through Iraq and thus its foreign policies could not be said to be for the welfare of the world but for the good of the Americans and their allies and thus if a country is opposed to the opinion of the united states of America like Iran was in the 1980 war then it might be attacked either directly or through its neighbors by the US government (Gerber, Para 5). By the end of the US sponsored war both Iraq and Iran were devastated both economically and politically. The two countries had lost a lot of property and thousands of lives. Had the US kept off the war could not have reached such high magnitudes and thus such losses could have minimal. The US foreign policy in Iraq during the Iraq Iran war was favorable to the Iraqis but very unfavorable to the Iranians (Hiltermann, pp 180). US foreign policy during the 2003 Iraq war Things later changed when the regime of Saddam Hussein was blamed by the American government to threaten the world peace by manufacturing weapons of mass destruction. Again the

Police & Society Ch 11 & 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Police & Society Ch 11 & 12 - Essay Example Those followed up evidences which pertain to the illegal evidence are also rejected. In some special cases, there are some exceptions where a police can arrest a person or search a place without any warrant. In such cases, those convicted and the evidences obtained also come under the law. Police have permission to search and seize evidences if it is in a plain view. But the real problem happens in the case of vehicle theft. Searching a vehicle without a warrant is lawful because of the mobility. Fifth Amendment specifies that when a person is arrested, he or she must be given advice of his or her Miranda rights. It is a must because every accused person has the right against self-incrimination. Still, there are exceptions in these cases too. The police can be held if they commit a wrong or misuse the law. In case of federal violations, the police may be able to defend himself. Civil liability leads to disastrous effect known as de-policing. This occurs when police fail to interact with citizens due to the fear of liability lawsuit. American society has become rapidly diverse that diversity in policing fails to follow the same pace. Policing still remains to be a male dominant profession. Minorities are still finding tough to join the police force. Even if they join, they have to face with unequal treatment. Promotions, other compensations are usually restricted to these minorities. Black officers are still prevented from arresting a white accused. As a result, when the black officers were evaluated, it was found out that a black officer does act harder on black people. This is to indicate that they were not biased. This ‘double marginality’ as it is called is of less threat nowadays. Women in policing are also of no exception. The activity of a female in policing was restricted to certain minimum. They did not go for a patrol till 1968. Later, studies illustrated that a female officer is capable of doing work in

Baytree Procurement for MSA Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Baytree Procurement for MSA Project - Essay Example Most recently, the concerns about sustainability and environmental impact alarmed individuals, civic organisations, and even the global governments to subject themselves to goals that deter the destruction of the natural environment and ecological processes. This is in line with the reduction of the negative impact of global climate changes, and disasters caused by mankind’s mindless consumption, waste generation, pollution, and other activities including construction of built environment. All activities point out and lead to connected sourcing up to disposal so that each step of every process has become an important part of a whole. This paper will try to determine one company –Baytree Leisure Plc’s possible procurement issues as well as possible solutions to develop a proposed motorways services area in Yorkshire with close consideration of environment impact as well as sustainability. (i) Analyse the key procurement issues for Baytree Leisure plc to consider, including a review of their likely project success criteria and objectives for the proposed project Salteroyd. Identify any assumptions that you have made. The Key Procurement Issues for Baytree Leisure Plc In consideration of the proposed plan to provide the Motorway Services Area (MSA) on the M7 motorway in an area in Salteroyd in the county of Yorkshire, various procurement issues must be addressed. The aim of the plan is to meet the expectations resulting from the climate change agenda and drive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The customers and consumers are therefore expected to become more selective in their buying decisions and would consider use of built environment such as the MSA to adhere to environmentally responsible developments. Sustainable building design and construction is therefore a must for Baytree. Design Foremost about the procurement process issue that Baytree needed to address is design. Design in the built environment means a plan for achieving goals or requirements by clients in consideration of users, environment, as well as other factors that will guide or limit the designer (Ralph and Wand, 2009). It serves as a guide to meet the least and the loftiest of details for a more holistic approach, and in this process, an ecologically sound MSA. Design choices as already mentioned, is guided by the principles of sustainability, environment-friendliness, costs, economics, functionality, ergonomics, or change methods to meet goals (Holm, 2006). Approaches in design includes user-centred usually guided by the function, multiple approaches, as well as keep it simple or KISS with minimised process and content but with consideration to aesthetics (Holm, 2006). Design also applies the following: Explore possibilities addressing problem and research that involves all stakeholders in the presentation of goals; Redefine development and improvement of traditional specifications and guidelines for options, solutions, and goals; Manage approache s to defining, exploring possibilities or creating ecological designs; Prototype or production of possible products to improve existing or traditional designs; Trend-spot merging concepts and products in order to innovate (Getlein, 2008). In addressing design issues, the project owner and its contractors will be able to provide a guide for the procurement specifically based on the

Police & Society Ch 11 & 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Police & Society Ch 11 & 12 - Essay Example Those followed up evidences which pertain to the illegal evidence are also rejected. In some special cases, there are some exceptions where a police can arrest a person or search a place without any warrant. In such cases, those convicted and the evidences obtained also come under the law. Police have permission to search and seize evidences if it is in a plain view. But the real problem happens in the case of vehicle theft. Searching a vehicle without a warrant is lawful because of the mobility. Fifth Amendment specifies that when a person is arrested, he or she must be given advice of his or her Miranda rights. It is a must because every accused person has the right against self-incrimination. Still, there are exceptions in these cases too. The police can be held if they commit a wrong or misuse the law. In case of federal violations, the police may be able to defend himself. Civil liability leads to disastrous effect known as de-policing. This occurs when police fail to interact with citizens due to the fear of liability lawsuit. American society has become rapidly diverse that diversity in policing fails to follow the same pace. Policing still remains to be a male dominant profession. Minorities are still finding tough to join the police force. Even if they join, they have to face with unequal treatment. Promotions, other compensations are usually restricted to these minorities. Black officers are still prevented from arresting a white accused. As a result, when the black officers were evaluated, it was found out that a black officer does act harder on black people. This is to indicate that they were not biased. This ‘double marginality’ as it is called is of less threat nowadays. Women in policing are also of no exception. The activity of a female in policing was restricted to certain minimum. They did not go for a patrol till 1968. Later, studies illustrated that a female officer is capable of doing work in

Genres and Genre Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genres and Genre Film - Movie Review Example The director of the film,  Brian De Palma, adheres to the dictates of the genre theory. He develops a systematic plot that follows the life of criminals. He limits the story to underground industries that constitute the crime and gangster relations thereby upholding the features of the crime and gangster genre in films as the discussion below portrays. Crime and gangster is a major genre in films. Genre is a system of classification, which categorizes things in groups of similar kinds. In films, the genre influences the process of creating films since every genre addresses a unique social feature and adheres to the identified intricate features of such categories (Grant, 2003). As explained earlier, crime and gangster is a major genre in films. Such films follow the sinister actions of mobsters or criminals. Every economy has different types of criminals who make up a large underground economy thriving on different types of criminal businesses. Such films therefore delve in the industry of crime following the lives and actions of criminals as they go about developing their gangs and the conflicts that develop among the gangs (Browne, 1998). Scarface embodies the features of a crime and gangster film. The story in the film follows the life of a gangster, Tony Montana, as he enters the country and develops his criminal empire. The film shows the intricate features of the drug industry. Drugs are contraband products that dealers must protect both from the law enforcers and from rivaling gangs. In order to develop their illegal businesses, drug dealers engages in immense violence as they eliminate any forms of threats. Tony enters the industry when Frank Lopez approaches him with a request to kill a former Cuban official who threatened the prosperity of his drug market in the country. The film therefore opens up with the violence that characterizes the risky activities of criminals. As is the case with

Popular Protest in Serbia and Greece Essay Example for Free

Popular Protest in Serbia and Greece Essay The French Revolution’s legacy has crept all throughout Europe and has even reached the eastern parts of the continent. Revolutionary ideals of social justice and the destruction of the old feudal order were already imminent on many nations reached by the news. Uprisings in the capital cities were the signal that the ruling cliche has been defeated where capitalist seeds were already sown. However, in Serbia and Greece, whose economies if compared to the French, were lagging behind the emerging mode of production. Feudal power still has its tight clench on these backward nations. What was clear was that the ruling class in the kingdoms and empires has been wary of the spread of the French revolutionary spirit. The French initiative gave inspiration to various states and the conditions were politically feasible for armed contradictions. If the French masses faced the Bourbon dynasty, countries in Eastern Europe were battling to gain their independence from the Ottoman Imperial power after centuries of servitude and economic, political, and cultural oppression. We must not be mislead however, that though there were religious differences in the issues of national independence in Ottoman controlled areas in Eastern Europe, the primary concern was still the existing economic order. The imperial rule was in essence a parasitic dominion of a foreign power to be able to extract resources and make use of the population as a labor force and plantation workers in the occupied territories (History World 2008). In the Serbian territories, the nationalist fervor was blowing towards the tendencies of creating a nation. After the French Revolution was won by the bourgeoisie with the help of the basic masses as the primary forces of the revolution, bourgeoisies all over Europe had began partitioning territories for the benefit of the new market economy. Serbian bourgeoisie and remnants of the landed aristocracy wanted to break free from the Ottoman domination in Europe and at the same time feared the growing economic and politico-military power of the Austrian Empire which was continually expanding her territories. Though these new ruling class in Serbia were not bourgeoisies or feudal lords but political thinkers committed to the emancipation of the Serbian nation the nationalist campaign was sustained mainly because of parliamentary struggle. But the failure of the parliamentary way of establishing a strong Serbian state led to a fractured state for the Serbs (Michigan State University Libraries 2008). Greek revolutionaries on the other hand have chosen the armed revolutionary struggle against the Ottoman Empire. The revolutionary inspiration provided by the French Revolution had been widely circulated throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the national liberation movements have shaken the social foundations of feudalism. The enlightenment which has earlier commenced provided the oppressed peoples with the alternative theories of governing, very much different from the Theo-centered models of governance. At the time that the French Revolution freed the French toiling masses, the peasants, workers, intellectual and soldiers in the Greek Islands have already been organized and the revolutionary high tide was already in place (Michigan State University Libraries 2008). When these revolutionary movements have triumphed, there had been no significant changes in the social order. Only the political aspects of the rule of the feudal order were repudiated but the economic conditions such as landlessness and the oppression based on labor economic continued. Hence after these states got rid of foreign oppressors, there were still the local oppressors. The oppression in the Ottoman Empire had likewise created turmoil domestically. History had thus proven that even in the imperialist countries the toiling masses are also exploited and that the toiling masses are pitted against each other by the ruling class in accumulating territories for their emerging capitalist economies. This has only provided the exact science of what has happened in during the French revolution that the revolution was not just for political rights but for the liberation of the classes from the miserable conditions of the economic order (Association for Liberal Thinking 2005). The consolidation of the nationalist feelings in Eastern Europe was somewhat unnecessary for their revolutions to commence. It was clear that the oppressed peoples of Europe, under the feudal order experience the same exploitation so it was easy for the toiling masses of Greece, Serbia or even Turkey to understand what their fellow peasants and workers in France experienced under the feudal system. The problem was in a general form with only specific variations as dictated by the geographic and cultural divisions and so the solution was also general. It took a revolution to liberate the oppressed French then so was for the Greeks (Jack London Online Collection 2006).

Chronic Disease In St Lucia Health And Social Care Essay

Chronic Disease In St Lucia Health And Social Care Essay Chronic disease is a disease of a long duration and generally slow progression (WHO, 2010). The U.S. National Center for Health Statistics states that a chronic disease is one lasting 3 months or more. These chronic diseases normally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor do they just vanish. Chronic diseases are mainly caused by three major risk factors tobacco use, poor eating habits and physical inactivity. Majority of these risk factors are themselves worsened by poor socioeconomic determinants, such as lack of education and poverty. Most often these determinants are a indication of the main forces driving social, economic and cultural transition, including globalisation, urbanisation and an aging populations. Chronic diseases are affecting population health as the epidemiological transition progresses and are the lead cause of mortality worldwide and pose increasing problems for the burden of disease and quality of life in developed and developing countries (WHO, 2003). Non communicable diseases include a broad range of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers, chronic respiratory disease, mental-health problems and musculo- skeletal disorders. The first four mentioned above account for approximately 50% of mortality globally, and share behavioural risk factors, such as excess calorie consumption, diets high in saturated and transfatty acids, excessive intake of alcohol, physical inactivity, and tobacco smoking. Approximately 35 million people have died from heart disease, stroke, cancer and other chronic diseases in the year 2005. The burdens of these diseases are equally shared among men and women, and are more prevalent in people under the age 70 (WHO, 2004). 80% of chronic disease deaths occur in low and middle income countries. Figure 1: Global distribution of total deaths (58 million) by cause in 2005. The age-specific death rates between the years 2005 2015 are projected to fluctuate slightly, Nevertheless, the ageing populations will result in an overall increase in chronic disease death rates for all ages combined. In 2005, all chronic diseases account for 72% of the total global burden of disease in the population aged 30 years and older. The total lost years of healthy life due to chronic diseases, as measured by DALYs, are greater in adults aged 30-59 years than for ages 60 years and older. More than 80% of the burden of chronic diseases occurs in people under the age of 70 years. Table 1: Projected global deaths and burden of disease due to chronic disease by age 2005- 2015 Deaths (Million) DALYs (millions) Deaths per 10000 DALYs per 100000 2005 2015 2005 2015 2005 2015 2005 2015 0-29 years 17 15 220 219 48 40 6320 5994 30-59 years 7 8 305 349 311 297 13304 13375 60-69 7 8 101 125 1911 1695 27965 26396 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥70 20 24 99 116 6467 6469 32457 31614 All ages 35 41 725 808 549 577 11262 11380 World Health Organization projects that, globally, NCD deaths will increase by 17% over the next ten years. The greatest increase of 27 %and 25 % respectively will be seen in the African region and the Eastern Mediterranean region (WHO,) 1.2 Types of chronic diseases 1.2.1Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease CVD is the term used by the scientific community to embrace not just conditions of the heart [ischemic heart disease (IHD), valvular, muscular, and congenital heart disease but also hypertension and conditions involving the cerebral, carotid, and peripheral circulation. The risk of CVD is related to diet, physical activity, and body ( ). The patterns of food supplies and of food and nutrition that modify the risk of CVD are also well known. Whereas CVD was once largely confined to high-income countries, it is now the number one cause of death worldwide as well as in low- and middle-income countries, where 80 percent of the worlds 13 million annual CVD deaths occur. And at least 21 million years of disability-adjusted life years (or DALYs, a measure of future productive life) are lost globally because of CVD each year. The vast majority of CVD can be attributed to conventional risk factors such as tobacco use, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, lipid abnormalities, obesity, and physical inactivity. Cardiovascular diseases are major cause of chronic disease death and were accounted for of 17 million deaths in 2002. It is estimated that by the year 2030, 24 million will die of CVD, of which 80% will occur in low and middle income countries (5). 1.2.2 Cancer Cancer is a major and growing disease burden worldwide. The number of new cancer cases is projected to increase from 10 million in 2000 to 15 million in 2020, 9 million of which would be in developing countries. The epidemiology of cancer in developing countries clearly differs from that in developed countries in important respects. While developed countries often have relatively high rates of lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer (some of which is tied to tobacco use, occupational carcinogens, and diet and lifestyle), up to 25% of cancers in developing countries is associated with chronic infections. Seven types of cancers account for approximately 60 percent of all newly diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths in developing countries: cervical, liver, stomach, esophageal, lung, colorectal, and breast. 1.2.3 Respiratory Diseases Chronic adult respiratory diseases-such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-are a major and growing burden in terms of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. COPD (which includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and obstructive airways disease) is largely linked with cigarette smoking as well as exposure to unvented coal-fired cooking stoves; it accounts for 2 percent of lost DALYs on a worldwide basis. 1.2.4 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes affects people worldwide and is one of the oldest diseases known. There are two common types of this disease: type 1and type 2 diabetes. Type-1 diabetes accounts for 5-10% of all diagnosed diabetes. Type-2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. It accounts for 90-95% of diagnosed diabetes. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the worldwide prevalence of diabetes in adults to be around 173 million in 2002 and predicted that there will be at least 350 million people with Type 2 diabetes by 2030. At present about two-thirds of persons with diabetes live in developing countries and the majority of new cases will originate from these areas. The global increase in the incidence of diabetes is related to high levels of obesity associated with a change from traditional diets, diminishing levels of physical activity, population ageing and increasing urbanization. Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent form of diabetes on the global scale (6). For the past few decades, Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic proportions in many parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has predicted the global prevalence of all Diabetes will increase from 194 million in 2003 to 330 million in the year 2030 (7). 1.2.5 Hypertension Another commonly occurring chronic disease is hypertension. High blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Hypertension is sustained high blood pressure (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥140/90mmHg). Blood pressure itself is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. Each time the heart beats (about 60-70 times a minute at rest), it pumps blood into the arteries. Blood pressure is at its highest when the heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic blood pressure. When the heart is at rest, between beats, blood pressure falls. This is diastolic pressure. Blood pressure itself is not harmful it is essential as it is the force that drives blood through the blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to the bodys organs and tissues and carry away waste materials. However, when blood pressure becomes too high it has damaging effects on almost every part of the body and can lead to serious illness and death. Hypertension is an important public health challenge worldwide because of its prevalence and its role as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Some of the risk factors of hypertension include obesity, alcohol, family history, and smoking. There are two types of hypertension, namely primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is more common, occurring in 90-95% of the hypertension population. There is no identifiable cause and it develops gradually over many years. Secondary hypertension occurs in 5-10% of the hypertension population. () In the year 2000 it was estimated that the total number of adults with hypertension was 972 million. Of these, 333 million were estimated to be in developed countries and 639 million in developing countries (0). Kearney PM et al., predicted that by the year 2025, the number of people with hypertension will increase by approximately 60% to a total of 1.56 billion. (Kearney PM et al., 2005) the reasons are the continuing population increase and changes in lifestyle, which includes a diet high in sugar and high-fat processed foods and sedentarism. 1.3 Impact of chronic disease in the Caribbean Caribbean countries are in epidemiological transition, where not only nutritional deficiencies have considerably declined but infectious diseases have also been disappearing. However, over the last thirty years, nutrition-related chronic non-communicable diseases have slowly emerged as the major public health problems. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have gradually displaced communicable diseases in the Caribbean. Rates of chronic non-communicable disease such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer have been increasing in the Caribbean and are the leading cause of mortality and mobility in the region (Ragoobirsinghet al., 1995, 2002; Wilkset al., 1998, 1999; Figueroaet al., 1999; Rotimi et al., 1999; Cruickshanket al., 2001, Figueroa, 2001; Sargeantet al., 2001; Henniset al., 2002a,b; Corbinet al., 2004; Wolfeet al., 2006). Of concern is the fact that while the prevalence and mortality rates of these diseases are highest in the elderly, they are not restricted to any one age group. An estimated 10% to 20% of the Caribbean population over 20 years of age suffers from diabetes and hypertension, respectively, with prevalence more than doubling at older ages (Hennis et al., 2002a, b). Hypertension and diabetes rank as the two leading chronic disorders among Caribbean populations and are also major risk factors for other diseases such as cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and coronary heart disease. Prevalence of chronic diseases in the Caribbean region over the pass 3 decades Another striking epidemic among the Caribbean population is the high prevalence of overweight [body mass index (BMI) >25 kg mà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢2] and obesity (BMI >30 kg mà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢2). Approximately half of the adult Caribbean population is overweight and 25% of adult Caribbean women are obese (Henry, 2004). The escalating trend in obesity is considered to be a major causative factor in chronic disease prevalence in the region. The increasing obesity levels, mainly among women, maybe associated with the changes in traditional diets and the adoption of sedentary lifestyles. In some the islands more than half of adult women are reported to be obese. Data from Barbados highlights the importance of obesity as a risk factor in chronic diseases. Based on available evidence, obese persons, (BMI>30) of 40-79 years had a 2.6 times greater risk of hypertension than persons with BMI 1.4 Impact of chronic disease in St. Lucia St. Lucia has undergone a significant demographic transition in the last 3 decades (Wilks, et al., 1998). Some features of this transition include the rise in the median age of the population from 20 years to 15 years between 1970 and 2010, the doubling of the proportion of persons older than 60 years old from 5000 to over 17,000 and the increase in life expectancy at birth from less than 50 years in 1950 to greater than 73 years in 2010 (World population prospectus, 2008). As a result, the main causes of illness and death in St. Lucia and many other Caribbean islands and regions at a similar state of development are the chronic non-communicable diseases (Sargeant et al., 2001). There is an increased prevalence of diet-related chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardio-vascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. (Wilks et al., 1998). Between 1992-1999 in St. Lucia, preventable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and circulatory systems accounted for 20.8% of deaths, with the major causes being cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and hypertensive disease. Other major causes of death were cancers (14.5%), disease of the digestive system (8.7%), and diabetes (7.2%) (8). Approximately 1,304 deaths were due to diseases of the circulatory system and was accounted for 33% of all reported deaths, death due to cerebrovascular was (35.9%), hypertensive disease (14.8%), and ischemic heart disease (13.6%) (Health in America, 1998). There were 731 deaths due to cardiovascular disease from 1996 to 1999, accounting for 19% of all deaths and 53 % of deaths ratio of 5.8:1. Most (21 or 62%) occurred in the 15-44 years age group, and had a male-female ratio of 9.5:1. Cardiac arrest caused 268 cardiovascular deaths (37%), ischemic heart disease 174 (24%), pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart disease 134 (18%), and heart failure 153 (21%). Females accounted for 359 (49%) of deaths due to cardiovascular disease, and persons 60 years of age or older accounted for 588 deaths (80%). (WHO statistics). Based on PAHO statistic St. Lucia is the tenth leading island in the Caribbean with high rates of non- communicable chronic disease, accounting for approximately 63%. Over the years prevalence of non communicable diseases have been increasing, in a survey done by the Kairi consultants limited in association with the national assessment team of St. Lucia concluded the following findings for the year 2005 to 2006 for the distribution of chronic disease in St. Lucia. Irrespective of per capita consumption quintile, high blood pressure was the most prevalent lifestyle disease affecting persons with diseases in St. Lucia. In every quintile group, it also shows that the prevalence of diabetes ranks second to high blood pressure as a life time disease affecting persons with diseases in St. Lucia. In each of the quintile groups, more than three fifths of the persons with diseases reported suffering from high blood pressure while more than one quarter reported suffering from diabetes. In the year 2007 diabetes and Hypertension were the two the most pervasive and worsening health problems facing the island of St Lucia. The diseases afflict a broad swath of people, young and old. St. Lucia has a population of approximately 160,000 thousand people, and of this 28.1%of the population have abnormal blood glucose or high blood sugar and 8.1% have diabetes (Graven et al., 2007). 20% of people over 40 years of age suffer with the disease (the ministry of health 2007). At least 35% of those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus do not know that they have the condition (The Ministry of Health, 2008). In rural area of St. Lucia the proportion with undiagnosed diabetes is considerably higher (St. Lucia Diabetic Society, 2008). At the time of diagnosis, every tenth person with diabetes has already developed one or more micro- or macro-vascular complications (Ministry of Health, 2008). Diabetes is among the leading cause of death. If inadequately treated, diabetes can cause blindness, kidney disease, nerve disease, amputations, heart disease, and stroke. Even conscientious and well-treated diabetics frequently suffer from these complications and have above-average medical costs. If observed, the Native St. Lucian has many barriers to health education, which basically involves their culture, lifestyle, accessibility and socio-economic status. For instance, St. Lucian is currently experiencing a crisis of poverty. People from lower socioeconomic status have poorer health than those in higher socioeconomic positions. Various studies have reported the relationship between low socioeconomic status and the development of chronic disease ((Lynch et al, 2000; Stelmach et al, 2009; Supriya et al, 2009). Recent poverty assessments in St. Lucia estimate that 18.7% of households and 25% of the population live in poverty. Income inequality is high, with 26% of the population characterized as chronically poor (MPDEH, 2003). That same report estimated that a decade later in 2005/06 the poverty rate had increased to 28.8% of the population( Government of St. Lucia( GOVST), The assessment of Poverty volume1, 2006) .The highest poverty rates in2005/06 were in the districts of Anse La Raye/Canaries (44.9%), Micoud (43.6%),Soufriere (42.5%) and Laborie (42.1%). The poverty gap and poverty severity also occurred in these same districts (GOVST, 2006) Furthermore, because of poverty and living in rural areas, most people consume less expensive and often high fat foods, and less fruits and vegetables (Henchy et al, 2000). Brown et al, (2005) described how socioeconomic position influences health among persons with diabetes. Diabetes is twice more prevalent in low income populations compared to wealthy populations (Stelmach W et al; 2009). Some explanations for this increased risk among people of low-income or resource-poor areas include increased stress, low access to medical and preventive care, and poor environment. 1.5 Diet, nutrition and chronic diseases There are clear associations between the various biomedical and behavioural chronic disease risk factors, and it is well established that diet quality and healthy eating practices play an important role in both preventing and managing chronic diseases and the factors that increase their risk (Kant A.K, 2004). The links with food and nutritional status are especially strong in the case of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and their risk factors (metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia). The food we eat, in all cultural selection, defines ones health, growth and development. Risk behaviours, particularly smoking and sedentarism, alter the result (). All this takes place in a social, cultural, political and economic environment that can exacerbate the health of populations. Diet is a key component in predisposing to chronic disease, mainly where diet is energy dense causing positive energy balance and obesity. Adoption of western diet which are high in fats , aminal protein, refined carbohydrates and low in fibre, fruits and vegetable can further increase one risk of developing no of more chronic disease(). Several studies have demonstrated a prudent diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish and wholegrain to be associated with a decline in chronic disease risk such as diabetes (Van Dam et al., 2002; Anne-Helen Harding et al., 2004) Carbohydrates Carbohydrates food source are the most important source of calories for the worlds population mainly because of their low cost and wide availability (). Although Carbohydrates is easily accessible and widely eaten carbohydrate is a key dietary component affecting insulin secretion and postprandial glycemia and is implicated in the etiology of many chronic diseases (Brand-Miller JC et al., 2004). Both the quantity and type of carbohydrate eaten have consequences on insulin secretion and postprandial glycemia. Foods with a rich glycemic index (or glycemic load) produce high rates in blood glucose.  Diets including large quantities of high GL foods increase the risk of diabetes, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and overall chronic disease (Barclay AW et al., 2008). Dietary fibres Epidemiological evidence has shown that foods rich in fibre help glycaemic control in diseases such as type 2 diabetic patients(). A diet high in fibre helps in control blood sugar levels in those with type 2 diabetes. It also helps with colon health as the high fibre diet with smoothing the stool and facilitates to weight loss (). Fats Dietary fat is one of the most influential nutrients in health. Fats has many functions in the human body, As well as to providing more than twice the energy supplied by carbohydrates and proteins and supplying essential fatty acids, fats slows digestion of carbohydrates in order to fuel the brain he fats serve as carriers for fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and as parts of cell membranes(). The overconsumption of fat, mainly saturated fat, has been linked to six of the 10 leading causes of death worldwide ().Coronary heart disease and cancer ().There is a strong link between dietary fat consumption and risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, such as colon, breast, prostate, and ovary cancer (). Several studies over the past 30 years have verified the relationship of high dietary fat intake with higher mortality due to various cancers (). Some saturated fatty acids raise blood cholesterol levels and, thus, increase the risk of atherosclerosis (). High fat, intake is a main cause of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and gallbladder disease (). Studies have show that countries with higher per capita intakes of fat, especially animal fat, have higher incidence rates of certain cancers, including breast, colon, prostate, and pancreas.[41] Migrational studies show that when individuals move from a country of low fat intake to one of high fat intake, the risk of some cancers increases [42] . Vitamins Vitamins are essential nutrients hey are required in small amounts, but have important and specific functions such as promoting growth, reproduction and the maintenance of health. Nutritionally, they form a cohesive group of organic compounds that are required in the diet in small amounts (micrograms or milligrams per day) for the maintenance of normal health and metabolic integrity. They are thus differentiated from the essential minerals and trace elements (which are inorganic) and from essential amino and fatty acids, which are required in larger amounts. Vitamin deficiency however, may increase the risk of chronic diseases (). Suboptimal folic acid levels, along with suboptimal levels of vitamins B(6) and B(12), are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and colon and breast cancer() and low levels of the antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, E, and C) may increase risk for several chronic diseases. . Nutritional Transition There are now approximately 350 million obese and more than 1 billion overweight people in the world, living in both developed and developing nations. Previously, underdeveloped nations grappled with undernutrition. Now many of these countries like St. Lucia are in a transitional state and are dealing with the twin evils of under- and over nutrition. In the Caribbean nations between the 1970s and 1990s, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 7% in men and 20% in women in the 1970s to 22% in men and 58% in women (Ragoobirsingh D et al., 2004). The global prevalence of overweight amongst preschool children is estimated at 3.3%. Within the Caribbean region and St. Lucia has one of the highest incidences for this age group with St. Lucia having 2.5% of the 0-5 yr. population ( De Onis M et al.,October 2000) .Obesity in children and adolescents is known to have significant impact on both physical and psychosocial health, these soaring rates of obesity leads to an increase in hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance later in life (Reilly et al., 2003; Weiss et al., 2004). Urbanization, industrialization and transformation processes have been the main cause of this public health accomplishment. In modern cultures, demographic factors interact with social and economic factors and lead to changes in the patterns of health and diseases as hypothesized by Omrans epidemiological transition theory in the early 1970s (Orman et al., 1971). Omrans theory describes the changing pattern of mortality from the predominant communicable diseases to the emerging non-communicable diseases. In his study, Omran defined three stages of epidemiological transition, i.e. the age of pestilence and famine, the age of receding pandemics, and the age of degenerative and man-made diseases (Orman et al., 1971). 1.6 Dietary habits of St. Lucians Food habits reflect the plantation past: the typical diet contains a lot of starches, animal protein content that varies by location, and until recently, little in the way of green vegetables. Starches include various kinds of yams, dasheen, eddos, bananas and plantains, sweet potatoes, cassava and breadfruit. Most of these are boiled, served with some kind of stewed fish or meat, and accompanied by a sauce. Pepper (capsicum) sauce is always present at the table, as most dishes are not prepared spicy hot. Animal protein sources reflect the historical scarcity of this element: pork hocks, pig tail (fresh and salted), chicken back, and saltfish, (cod) salted beef, fish (tuna, flying fishing, red snapper, barracuda, sharke, sardines, jack fish). Most of the dishes are prepared with fats such as; coconut oil, lards, yellow butter. As much as St. Lucia has a wide variety of fruit they are only eaten Fruits such as; mangoes, golden apple, papaya, grapefruit, oranges, cherries, cashew, suga r apple(love apple).Main dishes are accompanied by vegetables such as, avocado, calaloo, spinach, tomatoes, okras, carrots, pigeon peas and lentils, Imported processed foods have been available for decades, but more recently account for larger parts of many meals. Foods such as pasta, rice, 1.7 Cause for chronic non-communicable diseases in St. Lucia Chronic diseases have numerous risk factors, which function at different levels, from the most proximal (i.e. biological), to the most distal (i.e. structural). These risk factors can be classified as modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable determinants include factors that can be altered, such as individual and community influences, living and working conditions and socio-cultural factors, non-modifiable determinants include those factors that are beyond the control of the individual, such as age, sex and hereditary factors. 1.7.1 Biological factors Some populations are susceptible to chronic disease because of inherited genes. In a south Africa a tribal group Afrikaners have been found to have familial hypercholesterolemia, a rare genetic disorder, characterised by very high low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol and early cardiovascular disease.( Steyn K et al.,1996). Genetic and lifestyle factors are considered to be the main contributors in causing type 2 diabetes (ORahilly et al; 2005). The genetic makeup of a person is as essential to the development of the disease but a person lifestyle and environmental factors can contribute significantly. Some of the major contributing factors include overweight, abdominal obesity and physical inactivity and to lesser extent intrauterine and early childhood factors (Alberti et al, 2007) 1.7.2 Early life origin The time between intrauterine growth and the development is the most vulnerable period in the life cycle and places major physiological, metabolic and psychological demand on the mother to support the growth and the development of the fetus (Allen, 2001). Good growth and development is dependent on a sufficient supply of energy and nutrients. Under nourishment during pregnancy is linked with poor pregnancy and neonatal outcomes which can have negative long term implications for the infant such as a reduction in intelligence, growth disorder, low immunity, increased morbidity, mortality and the development of a range of diseases during adulthood (Rasmussen, 2001) It is proposed that type 2 diabetes results from relative intrauterine malnutrition and the latter leads to lifelong programming (Baker et al; 1986). Children with low birth weight are most likely to experience growth restraint, whether due to intrauterine nutritional restriction or genetic predisposition to low birth weight; similar associations of low birth weight have been made for the development of diabetes (Lindsay et al; 2001). Babies who are born low birth weight tend to grow fast after birth catch-up growth, often become overweight as young children. They are most likely to develop high blood pressure and abnormal blood glucose level early in life, which future increase their risk of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes (Barkeret al., 1997). The prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) is approximately 6 and 9% in the Caribbean. The association between low birth weight and adult disease makes urgent the concern of these high LBW prevalence rates in the Caribbean (Henry; 2000). An under-nourishes child is normally a smaller and shorter child (0) Stunting is an indication of long standing mal and under-nutrition and is often accompanied by fat deposition, particularly around the abdominal section when faced with food in abundance. Predisposing individuals to obesity in adulthood. () Likewise children who are born to large mother and are large for their gestational age are most likely to induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes later in life (Bennett et al; 2002). In Jamaica children shortness at birth and increased current weight are independent predictors of insulin resistance (Bennett et al; 2002). There is significant amount of evidence, mainly from developed countries, that states intrauterine growth retardation is connected with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes and elevated blood pressure (WHO, 2002; Godfrey et al., 2000; Forsà © et al., 2000). It may be the pattern of growth, i.e. restricted fetal growth followed by very fast postnatal catch-up growth that is vital in the underlying disease pathways. Likewise, large size at birth is also associated with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (McCance DR et al., 1996; Leon DA et al., 1998). Behavioural risk factors (lifestyle factors) Lifestyles play an important role in determining chronic diseases and lifestyle changes are likely to be responsible for a significant proportion of their increase over time. 1.7.3 Poor diet Nutrition is a major modifiable determinant of chronic diseases, with scientific evidence supporting the view that modifications in diet have effects on health outcome of a person. Non-communicable diseases are linked to high consumption of energy dense foods, made of animal origin and of foods processed or prepared with added fat, sugar and salt.() St. Lucia is undergoing rapid nutritional transition (Boyne, 2008). There has been an increase of fast-food restaurants, and an increased in the consumption of meals high in fat, sugar, and salt and a reduction in the consumption of cereals, grains, fruits, vegetables, tubers, and legumes (Jacoby et al.,2008). The increased consumption of imported foods high in fat and sodium has led to a decline of the health status of people throughout the region, with an increase in health problems such as obesity and diabetes (Report from WHO, 2003). 1.7.4 Physical inactivity Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle is linked with increased levels of obesity, breast cancer, colon cancer

The covenants between God and man Essay -- Old Testament, God, Genesis

The covenants between God and man constitute one of the principal keys to the interpretation of the Old Testament, denoting the dividing lines between the different dispensations and indicating the several changes of procedure in God’s dealings with the earth. There are arguably eight covenants made by God referred to in Scripture. Much could be written concerning these different covenants, but we will only deal with the covenants in Genesis. At various times God condescended to enter into a compact with man, and failure to observe the terms and scope of these compacts leads to the utmost confusion. These covenants are an important pact between Gods relation with man. The Adamic covenant was not the first covenant in the history of God’s relationship with humanity. Rather it was given due to the failure of a perfect obedience of the covenanting partner and had entered into that first covenant with Adam at creation. Some have questioned whether it is appropriate to speak of a covenant when Adam was in Eden. Vavosar Powell preferred to call it a command. Thomas Goodwin saw it as the â€Å"Law of Creation.† The actual word covenant is not used in the Genesis narratives. However, the essential parts of a covenant are all there; a clear definition of the parties involved, a legally binding set of provisions that stipulates the conditions of their relationship, the promise of blessings for obedience, and the condition for obtaining those blessings. Moreover, in Hosea 6:7, referring to the sins of Israel, says â€Å"But they like men have transgressed the covenant.† The Targum, the Talmud, and the Vulgate render â€Å"like menâ₠¬  as â€Å"like Adam.† In the Garden of Eden, it seems quite clear that there was a legally binding set of provisions that defin... ... between Me and you.† (Genesis 17:10) As the Lord has already initiated His covenant with Abraham in Genesis 15:18, this was a further confirmation and ratification of the covenant made previously. Circumcision is the â€Å"sign† of the Lord’s â€Å"everlasting† covenant with Abraham. (Genesis 17:9-13) Significantly, the one in future generations not circumcised â€Å"shall be cut off from his kin,† that is, be expelled from the community that will experience the blessings of this â€Å"everlasting† covenant.† (Genesis 17:14) In conclusion, the covenants between God and man, under gird the totality of the biblical revelation. Specifically elucidated in Genesis, its promises govern the pattern of all that follows in Exodus to Revelation. Everything from the creation to Revelation, speaks of sin and redemption, the violation of the first covenant by Adam, and the following of another. The covenants between God and man Essay -- Old Testament, God, Genesis The covenants between God and man constitute one of the principal keys to the interpretation of the Old Testament, denoting the dividing lines between the different dispensations and indicating the several changes of procedure in God’s dealings with the earth. There are arguably eight covenants made by God referred to in Scripture. Much could be written concerning these different covenants, but we will only deal with the covenants in Genesis. At various times God condescended to enter into a compact with man, and failure to observe the terms and scope of these compacts leads to the utmost confusion. These covenants are an important pact between Gods relation with man. The Adamic covenant was not the first covenant in the history of God’s relationship with humanity. Rather it was given due to the failure of a perfect obedience of the covenanting partner and had entered into that first covenant with Adam at creation. Some have questioned whether it is appropriate to speak of a covenant when Adam was in Eden. Vavosar Powell preferred to call it a command. Thomas Goodwin saw it as the â€Å"Law of Creation.† The actual word covenant is not used in the Genesis narratives. However, the essential parts of a covenant are all there; a clear definition of the parties involved, a legally binding set of provisions that stipulates the conditions of their relationship, the promise of blessings for obedience, and the condition for obtaining those blessings. Moreover, in Hosea 6:7, referring to the sins of Israel, says â€Å"But they like men have transgressed the covenant.† The Targum, the Talmud, and the Vulgate render â€Å"like menâ₠¬  as â€Å"like Adam.† In the Garden of Eden, it seems quite clear that there was a legally binding set of provisions that defin... ... between Me and you.† (Genesis 17:10) As the Lord has already initiated His covenant with Abraham in Genesis 15:18, this was a further confirmation and ratification of the covenant made previously. Circumcision is the â€Å"sign† of the Lord’s â€Å"everlasting† covenant with Abraham. (Genesis 17:9-13) Significantly, the one in future generations not circumcised â€Å"shall be cut off from his kin,† that is, be expelled from the community that will experience the blessings of this â€Å"everlasting† covenant.† (Genesis 17:14) In conclusion, the covenants between God and man, under gird the totality of the biblical revelation. Specifically elucidated in Genesis, its promises govern the pattern of all that follows in Exodus to Revelation. Everything from the creation to Revelation, speaks of sin and redemption, the violation of the first covenant by Adam, and the following of another.

Library Science Essay

With the rapid development of technology, constraints of economy and changing expectations about intellectual property rights, the HS librarian has to forcefully demonstrate the value of his / her contributions to their institutions. Addressing client information needs and thereby performing the scientific communication activities are the primary responsibilities of a librarian, who is known today as a â€Å"knowledge worker†. An effective leader in an academic HS library will constantly be engaged in activities which continually educate their staff ,re-engineer their programs and re-design products and services to meet the modern challenges of client information requirements through retrieval , creation , manipulation, management and dissemination of new knowledge. To be effective, the HS librarian has to be a viable participant in scientific communication. As a director of a HS library, my mantras would be â€Å"transformation,† â€Å"restructuring,† or â€Å"re-engineering† – the ones used by deans and other strategic planners on their campuses. I would strive to prove the value of the HS library to the institution through evaluative data and cost/benefit analyses by employing self assessment techniques. I would play a proactive role in introducing and integrating technologies into the communication process. I would act as an agent for the information seeker by gathering published information, seeking new sources, weighing responses, consulting on the design of personal databases, and packaging results into customized products. I would also join teams of clinicians or researchers to provide on-site consultation and delivery of information services or teaching the use of information management techniques and technologies in classrooms, labs, and offices. I would acquire new computational skills, deeper understanding of the information needs in subject disciplines, and expertise about the management of knowledge in distributed technology-intensive environments . The six types of library budgets are 1) Lump sum – refers to the allocation of a lump sum amount as resources to the library. This allocation is done by the top management of the parent organization.. 2) Formula – budget is one which is typically tied to a numeric value such as full-time-equivalencies (FTEs), i. e. , number of FTEs registered students multiplied by a fixed dollar amount yields the budget for the library. 3) Line Item – The line-item budget represents the most commonly used budgeting method for special libraries (Warner 9). In a line-item budget, each category of activity is afforded its separate appearance ( eg salaries, etc. ) 4) Program –a program budget focuses on the services the library provides to its clients and is an extension of the line item type of budget. 5) Performance Based – Performance budgets share characteristics with program budgets, but performance budgets focus primarily on what library staff members do or what functions they perform in the library’s service complement. 6) Zero Based – Zero-based budgeting requires that a â€Å"clean slate† be the starting point for budget development. Budget affects special libraries in much the same way as budgets affect any organization, including the parent organization of the special library. Therefore, given a choice, I would opt for a program budget as it relates to overall organizational goals and objectives and is very useful in establishing priority for library programs relative to the parent organization blend of the line item Training of the personnel is the most challenging personnel management issue. The challenge would be to keep all the â€Å"knowledge workers† motivated enough to keep themselves updated in all the relevant knowledge areas, so that they acquire an expertise in facilitating access to information, and also assembling the means for getting it. Building a team which will be constantly finding and/or building tools for managing knowledge, evaluating new products in light of their clients’ information needs, making office calls, providing consultation services, offering themselves as contractors, gathering feedback, and measuring product effectiveness. In the modern age of technology, the entire systems are networked. In the networked environment, few information products can stand alone without a support system. With most of the libraries using technology, the space planning and management would be similar to the data warehousing , data maintenance, data based administration, and data retrieval, data archiving and data purging techniques used in the technological terms. BIBLIOGRAPH : Introduction to Health Sciences Librarianship by M. Sandra Wood.

My Cross-Cultural Experiences

1. First cross-cultural experiences that I have had in my life * The first culture clash I had was on my first trip to Germany. It was when my friend and me went on a ski trip with our school. We arrived a town called Innsbruck where we stayed at a hotel. I got very surprised when I first got there, the first thing I recognized was the houses they lived in, they all had names on their houses. It was painted on their front wall. This didn’t make any sense for me but I was told that it was because some of the houses where family houses.And that they rented out rooms. At the same day when we went for dinner at our hotel we got served 4 meals. We first got soup, then salad, the main meal and dessert. This didn’t make any sense for me, because back home I was not used to get 4 meals at a restaurant. That night I went to take a shower but I couldn't figure out how to turn on the water in the shower. There were three knobs above the tub, so I assumed that they were for hot, wa rm, and cold water. I twisted the â€Å"warm† knob, but no water came out.Then I tried the two others, and I did get some water, but it was either too cold or too warm. I was too embarrassed to ask anyone for help with such a simple thing, so after making several unsuccessful attempts, I gave up. I had a cold bath instead. 2. Second cross-cultural experiences that I have had in my life – The second experience I had was when I first visited the United States. When I first arrived Westminster College I was so excited and scared at the same time.I have never lived in a community called â€Å"dorms† before and I was not sure how it would work and I had no clue how my roommates would be. The first thing I recognized was how much they talked and their conversation was at a very loud level. The next day I recognized how nice the people were, they smiled and they even said hi to me. I got shocked when people even hold the door open when I was far away they would stand t here and wait for me.When we went out for dinner that night I was also surprised when I ordered a coke, when I finished the coke the waitress came out with another one I got confused and told her that it has to be a misunderstanding because I didn’t ordered another one. She told me that it was free refuel. I felt kind of stupid, and my roommates started laughing at me because they thought it was funny. I told my roommates that in Norway we have to pay for the refuel and after that they taught me more about their culture so I could be more able to adapt to their culture.

Culinary art Essay

1. Executive Summary This report is a discussion about a bad review posted by John Trevallin on The Morning Post after his disastrous dinner at the Abbey Restaurant. John had some serious expectation from The Abbey as is considered a premier restaurant with great location and world renowned chef Marcus Vesty who owns the restaurant. This report consists of firstly the immediate stakeholders, who are answerable for the bad review, secondly analyzing the issues that led to the bad review, thirdly suggestions and recommendations on how to tackle the issue so as to live up to the expectations of the owners and saving the Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour as the owners are planning to divert its interest from one of the hotels in this chain. Later in the report discussions on how to live up to the expectations of the loyal guests as well as how to attract new customers after this bad review is considered and finding possible solution to maintain the glory of Radicor as well as The Abbey. 2. Introduction The Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour Sydney is a premier hotel in the heart of the city. Darling Harbor is one the most visited place in Sydney and is the key area of which has a convention center, an exhibition center and many other tourist attractions such as shops cafes. The major attractions for tourists are the Sydney Aquarium and the Chinese Garden. According to the video the total number of visitors in darling harbor last year was 27.9 million out of which 3.8 million visitors is on transit and the remaining 24.6 million are from interstate or overseas. The location of the Radicor hotel attracts both business travelers as well as tourists. Considering the number of visitors it is comprehensible that competition between hotels, cafes and restaurant would be very high. Hotels have to go beyond excellence to attract customers as in such a location with so varied visitors it is a challenge to meet the expectations of everyone and maintaining the customer service level. The Radicor Ho tel takes pride in providing quality and excellence to its guests and stakeholders. Marcus Vesty the world renowned chef runs the Abbey restaurant located on the ground floor of the Radicor Hotel and is considered the leading restaurant in Sydney providing a fusion of flavors from east and west. Marcus leases the restaurant from the Radicor Hotel on a profit share basis. There are a number of issues that the Radicor Hotel is facing and to top that up John’s shocking feedback about The Abbey is now really a knock on the door for them. To make things worse the parent company Simcom Group is certain about selling off one of the Radicor chain Hotels as a result of global financial crisis and Radicor Darling Harbour is on the list. 3. List of Stakeholders The stakeholders that are concerned with this case are Marcus Vesty – the executive chef and owner of Abbey restaurant, Mr Loyd Chan – major shareholder of the Simcom , John Trevallin – The morning post reviewer, Tom Mc Laren – General Manager Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour, the devoted customer’s of Radicor and Abbey restaurant as well as the restaurant team members both front of house and kitchen. 4. Analysis and Recommendation The key issues that need some highlight in this case can be categorized in terms of front of house and kitchen that are not living up to the expectation of customers and shareholders. Firstly we will discuss about the problems in the kitchen which lead to such a bad review. 4.1 Absence of Marcus: One of the major reasons to this is the absence of Marcus in his own restaurant. He being involved too much in doing TV shows, promoting his cookbook and other media appearances is undoubtedly affecting the quality of food served in the restaurant. Marcus coming to the restaurant once or twice fortnightly is not acceptable. Marcus needs to be more involved in the restaurant. He is required to sit with the General Manager, Maitre-d hotel, and sommelier to discuss about the issue and find effective ways to get the reputation of the hotel and the restaurant to its glory. He needs to have a through training session where he is required to clearly convey the target they desire to achieve. Being the executive chef he needs to motivate his employees by providing training, recognition, and bonus(Carroll, 2012). 4.2 Menu planning: Menu planning is a process of creating a menu that suits both management as well as customers taking into account all the characteristic of food service system. Menu in a restaurant for a guest is not just the list of available food but it’s an representation of the procedure and contributes to the overall dining experience by creating a mood and excitement about the experience(Gordon-Davis and Van Rensburg, 2004). The balance between all the food items on the menu is very important so that each course or dish suits the palate(Mc Vety et al., 2008). In the case study as highlighted by John that the some of the dishes were too fragrant and some have an odd after taste. This shows that the menu was not properly balanced and the composition of menu was not up to the mark. 4.3 Standards Recipe not followed: Though Marcus is a very renowned chef and is known for its amazing cooking there could be various other reasons why the food was not up to the mark such as it could be the chefs employed by Marcus that are not doing their job properly. Standard recipe for each dish not being followed by the chefs. So the chefs need to follow the standardrecipe and every time a particular dish comes should be the same. This leads us to the next problem which is lack of staff training. 4.4 Lack of training: It’s clear from the review that there is a lack of training in the kitchen. It’s surveyed that the most important issue the hospitality industry is facing is the training of staffs. Employee training is a vital necessity to generate quality experience for both staffs as well as guests as well trained employees are more likely to deliver high quality service(Kusluvan, 2003). As per the review the food provided was not up to the standards that should be in such a premier restaurant. Clearly the chefs at the Abbey need more training on how to follow the standard recipe and maintaining the consistency. This will eradicate the problem of food being not up to the mark and as a result avoid the negative reviews from guests about food. This will rather help for both the restaurant as well as Marcus to get back the reputation and glory back. Also catering to the guest requirement as much as possible can be taken into consideration to go that extra mile and meet the guest expectation. 4.5 Uniformity of staff: According to the video the front of house staff is employed by the Radicor Hotel except the chefs, sous chef, maitre-d hotel and sommelier which are employed by Marcus himself. This leads to deficiency of control of operational aspects such as training, staff selection, and lack of dedication among staff(Mull et al., 2009). Since Marcus does not have much authority to choose the front of house staff for his restaurant he cannot do much about training and selecting his employees. Since the front of house staff are a part of Radicor Hotel they lack dedication towards the restaurant and don’t take much effort in doing things right. 4.6 Lack of Menu Knowledge: The front of house staff according to the review has very less knowledge about the food. This again is a serious issue of lack of training and dedication of the staff. The knowledge about the menu is a ver y important aspect of a food and beverage staff as they are the ones who are actually dealing with guests and are in direct contact with them. It is expected from every food and beverage staff to know the menu and also about the food (Swanson and Toledo, 2008). The above issues may not be that big when we talk about restaurant failing as a whole but in terms of a fine dining restaurant with such a goodwill these things do matter a lot. As said earlier as well the expectations of guest become so high that it isdifficult to meet them unless each and every detail is looked after. This issue can be easily solved by training the staff; the best way to train the front of house staff about the menu is to have session with chefs. Conducting tasting sessions for staffs and asking them to comment is a very effective way of gaining knowledge about the food (Andrews, 1980). 4.7 Poor ambience of the restaurant: Though the restaurant is located in the famous hotel Radicor Darling Harbour which is in the heart of the city, the ambience inside the restaurant according to John is not like a fine dining restaurant should be. The reasons of this could be overbooking(Gagnon and Gagnon, 2011), location in terms of where the restaurant is in the hotel as well as its in the busiest area of Sydney. In a fine dining restaurant overbooking the location could lead to some very unhappy customers as they expect a quite place so that they can e njoy the experience of high quality service and food and can relax while dining. In fine dining restaurants only that number of booking should be taken which suits the ambience and may be the restaurant could be made partially soundproof so that outside noise does not bother the guests(Baraban and Durocher, 2010). Conclusion The Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour being a reputed hotel with a world class restaurant needs to focus on maintaining their reputation. It’s not only the restaurant that has received a bad review but the hotel as a whole has a lot of loopholes that needs some serious and immediate action so as to stay in the hunt in such a location. The review by John Trevallin is just a mere wake up call for the hotel and the restaurant as the customer satisfaction track record clearly states the failure to meet the targets and shows the downfall of the hotel. The General Manager of Radicor Tom Mc Laren and executive chef Marcus Vesty with the other managers of the hotel needs to start from the scratch and analyse each and every issue and take necessary steps in getting the lost glory back in track and ensuring Mr Lyod Chan that Radicor still has the potential to be the best in the market which as a result will save the hotel from getting sold off. References I. ANDREWS, S. 1980. Food and Beverage Service Manual, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. II. BARABAN, R. S. & DUROCHER, J. F. 2010. Successful Restaurant Design, John Wiley & Sons. III. CARROLL, C. 2012. Leadership Lessons From a Chef: Finding Time to Be Great, Wiley. IV. GAGNON, R. & GAGNON, E. 2011. Appetite for Acquisition: The We Sell Restaurants Guide to Buying a Restaurant, Tate Pub & Enterprises Llc. V. GORDON-DAVIS, L. & VAN RENSBURG, L. 2004. The Hospitality Industry Handbook on Nutrition and Menu Planning, Juta. VI. KUSLUVAN, S. 2003. Managing Employee Attitudes and Behaviors in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Nova Science Publishers. VII. MCVETY, P. J., WARE, B. J. & WARE, C. L. 2008. Fundamentals of Menu Planning, Wiley. VIII. MULL, R. F., BEGGS, B. A. & RENNEISEN, M. 2009. Recreation Facility Management: Design, Development, Operations, and Utilization, Human Kinetics. IX. SWANSON, N. L. & TOLEDO, T. U. O. 2008. Knowledge and Beliefs of School District Superintendents and Food Service Managers in Michigan Toward Childhood Obesity and the Wellness Policy, The University of Toledo. | Assessment feedback | Assignment no. and Title Name: Rudranil Das ID: 110129132| Key components of this assignment| Performance on this component| Comment| | Excellent| Good| Fair| Poor| Very Poor| | Content: clear understanding of the topic and concepts; adequate coverage of the topic and relevance of the material; application of material| | | | | | | Research: evidence of adequate depth and breadth of research| | | | | | | Reasoning: a logical argument and discussionNote: In an academic essay you are expected to demonstrate to your reader that you have a position and perspective on the topic.| | | | | | | Presentation: Essay format and structure only, with Harvard (Author Date) style referencing and correct Reference List. (An additional Bibliography is not required but a Reference List is essential.)| | | | | | | Summary comment| The Graduate qualities being assessed by this assignment are indicated by an X:| | GQ1: operate effectively with and upon a body of knowledge| | GQ5: are committed to ethical action and social responsibility| | GQ2: are prepared for lifelong learning| | GQ6: communicate effectively| | GQ3: are effective problem solvers| | GQ7: demonstrate an international perspective| | GQ4:can work both autonomously and collaboratively| | | Assignment grade/mark|