Migrants Effects on Singapore Essay Example

Migrants Effects on Singapore Essay Singapore is one of the most economically prosperous country in the South East Asia region. There has been a influx of foreigners in the country in recent years. I think the foreigners bring about a positive impact in the economical area, however in other areas such as social and environmental area, foreigners may bring about a negative impact instead. Migrants bring about a positive impact in the economical aspect of Singapore. They provide for much cheap labour.Manual work and low status jobs are generally disliked by locals because of the social stigma attached and its low pay. For example, Chinese migrants are often employed in construction firms which are jobs despised by Singaporeans. When jobs such as these are taken up, jobs are more efficiently taken up and this will promote the economic growth of the country in the long run. Singapore will thus be likely to benefit from foreigners coming to Singapore economically.Migrants brought about a negative impact in the social aspect . Singapore, with its high percentage of foreigners in it population will inevitably face with social issues such as the erosion of the Singapore culture and racism. Over the years, many cases of racism, especially through online multimedia websites such as twitter has occurred. One example would be the recent case of a teenager tweeting on the train â€Å" the Indian beside me was extremely smelly† Such cases occur continuously in Singapore.The lack of any statistics on the internet regarding racism in Singapore further proves that the government was trying to cover it up. Whether this is true or not, it is doubtlessly agreeable that racism is a increasing issue in Singapore. Therefore, in the social aspect of Singapore, foreigners bring about an undesirable impact. Migrants also bring about a negative impact in the environmental aspect of Singapore. Singapore is a small country with an incredibly high population density, as such, public facilities are often sought after by both foreigners and locals.The influx of migrants means that locals and foreigners have to compete for space in the park or on the park and this results in overcrowding. Furthermore, foreigners may not be familiar with the environmental rules of Singapore, and may litter in public places as their home country may not be as stringent in the cleanliness aspect. Over time, this may affect the image of Singapore, a â€Å"clean and green† city. Thus, foreigners bring about a negative impact in the environmental aspect of Singapore as they compete for the use of public places and may also affect the cleanliness of Singapore.Overall, I believe that while migrants bring about a negative impact to Singapore. This is because migrants are only good to a certain extent and have to be more carefully moderated. Having a smaller amount of migrants in Singapore will definitely bring about an overall benefit to Singapore. However the large number of migrants in Singapore has also caused socia l and environmental problems in Singapore. I think the negatives out-weigh the positive. Thus, they bring about mainly negative impacts to the country.

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Essays

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Essays Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Paper Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Paper In the drama written by Sophocles. Oedipus the King. there are several cases of sarcasm. Dramatic sarcasm. or tragic sarcasm as some critics would prefer to name it. normally means a state of affairs in which the character of the drama has limited cognition and says or does something in which they have no thought of the significance. The audience. nevertheless. already has the cognition of what is traveling to happen or what the effects of the characters actions will be. The grade of sarcasm and the consequence it has depends upon the readers’ appreciation and acknowledgment of some disagreement between two things. Our first gustatory sensation of dramatic sarcasm comes really early into the drama when Oedipus vows to convey to justice the slayer of Laius. which is in world himself. When he learns that the delivery of justness of Laius’ killer will free the metropolis of a awful pestilence. he sets forth with a program to track down the slayer. Oedipus begins to cuss the slayer and vows: Oedipus: As for the condemnable. I pray to God – Whether it be a lurking stealer. or one of a figure – I pray that that man’s life be consumed in immorality and misery. And as for me. this expletive applies no lupus erythematosus ( 968 ) This is really dry. as Oedipus is so. without cognition of the truth. speaking about himself. Another illustration of dramatic sarcasm is the power of destiny and Oedipus’ impotence against it. Throughout the drama we are cognizant of Oedipus’ destiny and we realize there is nil that he can make to alter it. When Oedipus tells his metropolis after listening to their supplication for aid against the awful illness and pestilence that has taken over the metropolis: Oedipus: I know that you are deathlike ill ; and yet. Sick as you are. non one is every bit ill as I. ( 963 ) The audience understands the truth and the sarcasm in that statement. Oedipus should non worry about himself going ‘sick’ for he is already infested with the illness. A 3rd illustration of the sarcasm of Oedipus is the fact that Oedipus seemed to be unsighted and deaf to the truth. He appears to be on a valorous hunt for the truth and justness of the slayer of Laius. yet refuses to hear the truth when it is spoken to him. In order to hear the truth Oedipus needed to be able to hear and construe it. yet he merely heard what he wanted to hear. Therefore rendering him unable to understand the enigma of who he genuinely was. In this drama at that place seems to be a changeless twine of sarcasms throughout. Oedipus is in denial of the truth. In his dramatic addresss he misconstrues the information that he has been given by Teiresias. every bit good as Creon and Iocaste. The dismaying realisation that the prognostication of the Sphinx is in fact the truth. causes Oedipus to blind himself. The audience therefore pities him. which is a consequence of the usage of dramatic sarcasm. The usage of sarcasm in a drama allows the author to do their audience want to see how the events which are happening. mentally affect the chief character. even if they already know how the narrative will stop. as in Oedipus the King. Kennedy. X. J. . and Gioia Dana. â€Å"Oedipus the King† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction. Poetry. and Drama. 2nd edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. 2000. 960-1005.

Nuclear Weapon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nuclear Weapon - Essay Example That was the first and last strategic use of the "dirty bomb" which left its permanent mark in the form of acute radiation sickness and many lost generations in Japan. Such a mass level of death was only achieved by the Nazi's or blood thirsty conquerors like Genghis Khan who killed indiscriminately and mercilessly. Wiping out the entire population of an enemy country has never been easier. Yet in the aftermath of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki saga the nations of the world woke up to the horrific nightmares of such a drastic strategic weapon use. The use of nuclear weapons was strongly opposed at an international level and nuclear weapons were reduced to their role as political weapons.2Today these weapons have become political instruments with their role in pressuring and dominating other states. Any state without nuclear weapons perceives itself to be "weak" in political negotiations. 3 However super powers like the US have not exactly forgiven their weaker counterparts i.e. those countries who have dared to show defiance by "possessing" nuclear weapons. An example is the recent destruction of Iraq due to its weapons of mass destruction and the threats of a US attack faced by Iran for its hidden weapons of mass destruction.4 Pakistan has never revived from its political instability , since the political turmoil which arose just after the former premier Nawaz Sharif's refusal to sign the CTBT. 5. Arguably the nuclear weapon has become a cultural instrument .The 20th century saw two world wars and many civil wars which reshaped and readjusted the entire world's geography ,history and politics. There was a culture of violence which involved the cowboy style elimination of any state which dared defy a super power. Thus it was a culture of achieving ends by means of mass destruction and bloodshed. The ease with which the "dirty bomb" eliminated the enemy population frightened the warring nations beyond their wits. This is evident from the fact that apart from a few civil wars and regional unrest, there has been no large scale warfare around the world. Now there is a culture of promoting peace and having peace talks as all nations secretly wonder what the other state might be hiding in its weapons arsenal. However another alarming development is the increase in the ambiguous nuclear arsenals and secret war exercises in deserts by many countries like Pakistan and Israel6.The events of the past decade have seen an increase in the strategic, political and cultural importance of nuclear weapons .With in all three of these contexts Nuclear Weapons have become a part and parcel of the defence culture and an important tenet of government and policy. It should be noted in the background that the increase in the availability of the weapons has not been left uncontrolled and unmonitored. In 1957 the IAEA (The International Atomic Energy Agency) was set up to promote peaceful development of nuclear power and also provide for its control and to counter the proliferation of such weapons with in the principles of public international law. The IAEA did indeed encourage peaceful use of nuclear applications and the CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty) was a controversial issue of the mid-nineties which prohibited the testing of nuclear technology. Notoriously enough India and Pakistan refused to sign it, making South Asia a politically sensitive nation.7Since

Applying strategic management in state of Qatar Essay

Applying strategic management in state of Qatar - Essay Example Cancer has been a disease that has been on the rise all over the world. The national cancer strategy is working hard to make sure that the Qatari population gets the best healthcare at home. The national cancer program holds public events so as to educate people about cancer (Manfred, 45). With more awareness, the people are able to take good care of themselves. If the ministry puts aside cash for this organization, it can help in cost that they incur while holding their events. The most important factor when it comes to any sector, whether public or private, is ensuring that all members of staff are equipped with enough skills to do their job. The Qatar foundation has opened a health care center to give services to its employees. If more of such facilities can be invested into, it would mean that the medical sector would be armed with qualified staff that is able to deal with any situation that they may face (Bodenheimer, & Brian,460) . These strategies should not lie only in the health sector, the government should work on making sure that all public sectors are better

Recommendation Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recommendation Report - Assignment Example By becoming energy efficient the company becomes cost efficient which provides not only the economic benefit but also a marketing benefit. One way YEG can tap into the eco-consumer market is by providing LED light bulbs that reduce utility bills by up to 80% and have the lifespan of as long as 20 years. In this report, a cost benefit analysis of LED bulbs and its non-LED counterparts will be done and the pros and cons of each product will be analyzed. Green Marketing Analysis Green marketing is essentially the, â€Å"consumption an disposal of products and services happen in a manner that is less detrimental to the environment† (Choudhary & Gokarn, 2013). With the rise in the awareness about nonbiodegradeable waste, impact of toxic pollutants and global warming, marketers are consumers are now shifting towards green marketing and becoming more environmentally conscious. We believe YEG can achieve success in green marketing if three key principles given below are followed (Chou dhary & Gokarn, 2013): Consumer Value Positioning Calibration of Consumer Knowledge Credibility of Product Claim Customers are looking for these three principles when they consider the green products. Consumer value positioning entails providing a product that is just as good if not better, than its alternatives. The value that the customer is looking for should be present in the eco-friendly product. Calibration of consumer knowledge means that you educate the consumers about the specific environmentally friendly attributes of the product. This involves using the ‘green’ aspect of the product as a marketing tool. Marketing the product as a ‘green solution’ for their needs is essential as studies show that if all other things are constant, consumers will prefer the green alternative (Ginsberg & Bloom, 2004). Credibility of product claim means that the business should market the products’ benefits in a specific and meaningful manner. Studies show that consumers don’t like ‘green marketing’ if it is done as a, â€Å"token gesture flashed as eye candy on market literature† (Univsersity of Vermont, 2012). Hence credibility of the claims being made is important while implementing this strategy. Keeping in mind these three principles that the customers require, if YEG will provide a product that delivers on all three factors with its value and is a ‘green solution’ then YEG can tap into this market. Annotated Bibliography Mishra, P., & Sharma, P. (2012). Green Marketing: Challenges and Opportunities for Business. Journal of Marketing and Communication, 8(1), 35-41 This paper analyzes the need for green marketing in a business, the goals of green marketing and the challenges associated with it. It also examines the benefits it can give to the business if implemented properly and the role this strategy will play in the future. The core theme of this paper was how to pursue green marketing along w ith its environmental and social dimensions. It suggests that environmental impact assessment must be done in a systemized and effective manner. The three goals that companies must achieve to become ecofriendly include: Cleaning up their products by eliminating hazardous substances, take back and recycle products and reduce climate impact. The marketers should educate the consumers about the benefits of green products and form a policy that addresses their need for a quality product that does not

Causal Information as Reward for Children

Causal Information as Reward for Children Loredana Lenghel Life-span Developmental Psychology 1. Details of the applicant: Loredana Lenghel 2. Title of the proposal: Keeping Children Engaged – Causal Information as Reward 3. Summary of the proposed research This study proposes research on the effects of causal information as reward on the intrinsic motivation of children. Causal information has been shown to maintain task engagement in children better than tangible rewards because it touches children’s innate interest in the world. A repeated measures experimental design with children aged 8 to 10 will be used to establish if indeed the intrinsic motivation of children is not undermined by causal information as reward. The results have implications in areas such as education and learning. 4. Keywords Intrinsic motivation, causal information, reward, education 5a. Research topic Motivation to fulfill personal needs is what drives people to act. Being defined as â€Å"the reasons underlying behavior† (Guay et al., 2010, p. 712), it is understandable why it is important to establish the building blocks of motivation and how these can be manipulated in order to preserve people’s sense of fulfillment. Motivation has been a topic widely investigated within the social sciences, there being several theories that attempt to explain this process. The most common distinction encountered in the literature is between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Ryan Deci, 2000). Intrinsic motivation is seen as inherently volitional; it is the force that drives actions and sustains activities due to personal desires as it is associated to personal enjoyment, interest, pleasure or high engagement. In contrast, extrinsic motivation is seen as governed by reinforcement factors; this type of motivation implies doing activities due to reasons that are external to the ta sk, such as receiving a reward (Lai, 2011). The differences between these types of motivations can be associated with the quality of task outcomes. For instance, task outcomes such as spelling, writing or vocabulary development represent only a narrow range in which the relevance of these motivation forms can be observed. Thus, an important area where intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation needs to be taken into account is education and learning. The relevance and importance of this proposed study can be understood when looking at how children’s motivation develops. Research on children’s intrinsic motivation shows that it is not a stable construct. Intrinsic motivation tends to decrease with age, ninth graders exhibiting less motivation than third graders (Lepper, Sethi, Dialdin, Drake, 1997) (Lai, 2011). However, some evidence shows that after the age of 15, there is again an increase in this type of motivation (Gillet, Vallerand, Lafreniere, 2012). One study argues that academic intrinsic motivation stabilize s as one advances in age. They found that between the ages of 9 and 17, motivation can be seen as having cumulative effects. Information about motivation at one age can be used to predict further motivation. Moreover, they argued that academic motivation is relevant for the school curriculum, showing a decline for sciences and reading. Another point touched upon was that children with low motivation at the beginning of schooling are at risk and lack future interest in learning (Gottfried, Fleming, Gottfried, 2001). What is more, studies suggest that before starting school, children are generally intrinsically motivated, eager and excited about learning. This effect then diminishes and some children show reluctance towards studying. This is why having an efficient method to nurture children’s motivation can have a positive effect on their future motivation. It also shows that a method is necessary to help maintain academic interest in subjects for which children’s intr insic motivation to learn declines. Notwithstanding these findings, society has taken a problematic approach to maintaining children’s motivation. Several studies have shown that rewarding someone for doing a certain task can diminish their intrinsic motivation. (Lai, 2011) (Hagger Chatzisarantis, 2011) (Lepper, Sethi, Dialdin, Drake, 1997). Deci et al. (2001) have investigated the effect of different kinds of rewards on the motivation of children. They argue that rewards are composed of two aspects: the informational and the controlling aspects. The informational aspect of a reward conveys self-determined competence and can enhance intrinsic motivation whereas the controlling aspect is what determines the external perception of locus of control and can decrease intrinsic motivation. The authors looked at verbal and tangible rewards to establish which one is more likely to be seen as informational or controlling. Their results showed that tangible, task-contingent rewards undermined the intrinsic motivation of children. Verbal rewards, on the other hand, increased intrinsic motivation and were more likely to be seen as informational. Another important result of this study showed that whereas verbal rewards are beneficial for college students, they have a lower effect on children. However, the undermining of intrinsic motivation by tangible rewards was more accentuated in children than in students. This shows that children are more sensitive to extrinsic rewards and that measures to resolve the issue of intrinsic motivation decrease caused by extrinsic rewards need to be taken. Children’s inherent curiosity and interest in the surrounding world also plays a role in the development of motivation. Constructivist theorists argued that children are â€Å"active builders of knowledge – little scientists who are constantly creating and testing their own theories of the world† (Ravitch, 2001, p.442). In their study, Deci et al. (2001) also investigated children’s interest and discovered that offering verbal rewards results in enhanced self-reports of interest, whereas all tangible rewards resulted in lower interest. Chen and Xiang (2005) studied the interaction effect between intrinsic motivators and extrinsic rewards on behaviors. They argued that interest is a construct embedded in intrinsic motivation and that it is the most important predictor of future motivation for engaging in an activity. Their study showed that activities based on interest could have a stronger and prolonged effect in a learning situation. Embedded in this idea , studies have tried to investigate whether children’s curiosity could be utilized as a way to reinforce their learning. It has been showed that children understand and are interested in causal information and derive satisfaction from answering with causal factors (Lai, 2011). A recent study (Alvarez Booth, 2014) utilized children’s interest in the world to establish whether it can be used as reward for task engagement. They used causal information to reward children for engaging in a boring activity and discovered that youngsters showed more engagement when presented with strong causal information than when rewarded with something tangible. This body of literature offers the foundations for the investigation of the effect of causal information as reward on intrinsic motivation, which is the aim of the current study. Causal information as reward is fundamentally an extrinsic factor that can be used to motivate children; however, because it touches upon children’s inherent curiosity and can be seen as having an informational aspect, its effect should not be as detrimental. If this type of information increases task persistence, children’s engagement could increase as well, promoting better learning. Thus, the key objective of this study is to establish whether causal information as reward undermines intrinsic motivation in children between the ages of 8 and 10. It is hypothesized that children who will be rewarded with causal information will not show a decrease in their intrinsic motivation, as opposed to the children who will receive tangible rewards. The innovative aspect of the study is to be found in the manner it uses previous research which found that causal information engages children just as much as tangible rewards and tries to determine its effect on intrinsic motivation. There is no prior research that has taken this approach, making it the first study that might offer some insight into this issue. This insight could bring about numerous implications for children’s education and learning. Moreover, further research in this area could investigate the method in which the presentation of causally rich information could increase learning. One mechanism that we propose to play a role in this process is that of attention. Catching children’s attention with causal information that appeals to their interest can result in more task engagement and thus an increase in their learning process. 5b. Approach In order to establish the effect of causal information as reward on the intrinsic motivation of children, a repeated measures experimental design will be used. Based on the discussed literature, it is hypothesized that offering children causal information as reward will not undermine their intrinsic motivation. The experiment will consist of 120 children aged 8 to 10 doing a boring, repetitive task. Local schools will be contacted in order to gather the necessary participants. The age range was chosen because it represents the ages at which children in most countries are already in school[1] and poses some basic educational knowledge, such as counting or writing. Moreover, the previously mentioned studies showed that the intrinsic motivation of children tends to decrease with the advancement in age (Lepper, Sethi, Dialdin, Drake, 1997) (Lai, 2011). A boring, repetitive task of moderate difficulty is likely to keep children somewhat engaged while not making them abandon the task due to its difficulty. The task will be divided into trials and will consist of children counting how many animals of a certain type appear on a screen. After each trial, they will be rewarded according to the group they are in. Each child is required to do 10 trials. To compare the intrinsic motivation of children, three different groups will be made; each group having a minimum of 40 participants. The first group will receive as reward causal information about the animal they were required to count. The second group of children will receive a tangible reward in order to determine whether there is a significant difference between tangible and causal information as rewards. A third group will be the control group, not receiving anything for doing the tasks; thus being used as a base category to which the other two will be compared. Therefore, the type of reward will constitute the independent variable (IV) of the study. The three different groups will represent the three levels of the ID. In order to establish the intrinsic motivation of children, measurement of it will be done before and after the tasks. Intrinsic motivation will be measured by offering them the chance to do the task before and after the study. In the before and after measurements of intrinsic motivation, the â€Å"free choice† (Thakor, 1994) measure combined with a self-report questionnaire will be used. The children will be told they can do the task for as long as they want, without receiving any rewards. The time spent on the task will be indicative of their intrinsic motivation because it is assumed that their engagement with the task comes from personal interest, as no other reinforcements are offered. If there is no difference in the group receiving causal information as reward in the before and after measurement of intrinsic motivation, it would show that this type of reward has no effect on the intrinsic motivation of children. A self-report questionnaire will be used alongside the â€Å"free choice† method to strengthen the measurements. The questionnaire will consist of items which measure interest, enjoyment and attention paid to the task. The answer categories will be based on an enjoyment scale that will show smileys depicting faces from sad to happy and organized on a 5-point Likert scale. This method intends to make the self-report of children more suitable for their understanding. The measurement of intrinsic motivation will constitute the dependent variable of the study. The innovative aspect of this methodology can be seen in the combination of self-report questionnaires and the previously used method of measuring intrinsic motivation, namely the â€Å"free choice† method. Moreover, the self-report method has been designed with the intention to facilitate children’s’ understanding of the answers they choose. One valuable addition to this method needs to be mentioned. When assessing the intrinsic motivation of children, problems with the accuracy of responses might be encountered even though measures to control for this issue have been taken. It is not guaranteed that children are able to provide unbiased assessments of their interests or motives. However, a more clear image of the results will be gather in this way rather than utilizing only the â€Å"free choice† method, as done in previous research. 5c. Word count (sections 5a-5b) 5d. Time plan The timetable proposed for this research project is divided according to the tasks needed to be accomplished. First, two weeks are dedicated to the writing of the introduction and determining an exact research design. Next, one month is needed to conduct the experiment, which entails finding enough participants and the actual experimental sessions. Another month would be required for the coding, analysis and reporting of data. A final week would be dedicated to finalize the research report. Thus, the total time required to for this research amounts to two months and three weeks. 5f. Social significance (max. 200 words) It is often said that children are the future of society. They are the ones that will take oven when the current generations fade away. It is important, thus, to provide them with all the resources and quality care available. Motivation plays an important role in the shaping of individuals and as it has been shows, motivation is not a fixed concept. Discovering methods in which we can shape the motivation of children in such way that they maintain their innate excitement and curiosity towards learning and knowledge has major implications for their development. A generation of people who retained an intrinsic motivation as the one of children can give rise to a great number or innovations and societal improvement, bringing about higher life satisfaction (Martin-Albo, Nunez, Domingues, 2012). 5g. Literature references Works Cited Alvarez, A., Booth, A. (2014). Motivated by Meaning: Testing the effect of Knowledge-Infused Rewards on Preschoolers Persistence. Child Development, 783-791. Deci, E., Koestner, R., Ryan, R. (2001). Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation in Education: Reconsidered Once Again. Review of Educational Research, 1-27. Gillet, N., Vallerand, R., Lafreniere, M.-A. (2012). Intrinsic and Extrinsic School Motivation as a Function of Age: The Mediating Role of Autonomy Support. Soc Psychological Education, 77-95. Gottfried, A., Fleming, J., Gottfried, A. (2001). Continuity of Academic Intrinsic Motivation From Childhood Through Late Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. Journal Of Educational Psychology, 3-13. Guay, F., Ratelle, C. F., Marsh, H. W., Larose, S., Boivin, M. (2010). Intrinsic, identifie, and controlled types of motivation for school subjects in young elementary school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 711-735. Hagger, M., Chatzisarantis, N. (2011). Causality orientations moderate the undermining effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 485-489. Lai, E. (2011). Motivation: A Literature Review. Pearson. Lepper, M., Sethi, S., Dialdin, D., Drake, M. (1997). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A developmental perspecive. In S. Iyengar, Developmental Psychopathology: Perspectives on Adjustment, Risk, and Disorder (pp. 23-50). New York: Cambridge University Press. Martin-Albo, J., Nunez, J., Domingues, E. (2012). Relationship between intrinsic motivation, self-concept and satisfaction with life: A longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 337-347. Thakor, M. (1994). Innate: Development of a New Intrinsic Motivation Measure Using Confirmatory Factor Analytic Methods. Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, 116-121. Xiang, P., Chen, A., Bruene, A. (2005). Interactive impact of intrinsic motivators and extrinsic rewards on behavior and motivation outcomes. Journal of teaching in physical education, 179-197. [1] http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.AGES

paintball :: essays research papers

Paintball Misrepresented Sport When you here about paintball in the news, it's always a story of someone losing an eye or committing a crime. Is this what paintball is about? Definitely not! Lets first start off by saying, that accusing the sport of paintball, for criminals vandalizing property with paintball markers (They are actually classified as markers, not guns, because they mark people, like in a game of tag), is like blaming the sport of baseball, for people that fight or injure people with bats. It's like accusing football for encouraging people to fight. Of course though, football is never blamed for that. Some people also would like to say that paintball is too dangerous, and people get injured way too often because it's unsafe to play. The fact is, those people couldn't be more wrong. Paintball requires a mask to be worn on all public fields. Neck protectors and vests are also optional if you feel like it. Most people would probably be surprised to learn that players and referees take extra care to make sure that all the players are safe in a game. National averages even show that paintball has a lower injury rate than bowling and golf! So how did those kids in the news loose an eye? Simple, they didn't wear the right protection and were probably playing on their own field, without refs and proper marker testing. Playing paintball without masks is the equivalent of playing tackle football with pads and helmets, which means someone could get hurt. Is football ever criticized for severe injuries? Almost never. So why should paintball be any different? So, before you decide to criticize paintball, first go to you local field (here in Utah, you can go to Paintball Planet or Army Navy Surplus) and try a game. Then create your opinion. Most people who go actually find it very fun. It gets your adrenaline pumping and has a frantic (but fun) feel to it. It also has some value. Playing the game a lot develops excellent hand-eye-coordination, teaches teamwork, trust, and careful planning.

Benchmarking

Is defined by CIMA as ‘The Establishment, through data gathering of targets and comparators, through whose use relative levels of performance (and under performance) can be identified. ’[CIMA, 2008] This definition explains in my mind that benchmarking is the comparison of one/ several company’s comparison of relative factors to another’s. Therefore seeing how a company’s best practise differs to your own. There are several types of benchmarking that a company may use; Internal, Functional, Competitive and Strategic. A company may use internal benchmarking to compare different processes within the same departments. If they use functional benchmarking then they are mainly looking their departments and which runs better regardless of their different outputs. Competitive benchmarking is information gathered about direct competitors and finally strategic is a longer term benchmark technique. This is used for companies looking for organisational change. The main advantage for benchmarking is to â€Å"set the foundation for performance improvement† to help â€Å"better competitors† [Nayab, 2010] and overall be the best company in the Market place. On the other hand a disadvantage is; how readily available is all the information you require to benchmark? Business Process Re-engineering Is defined by Drury as â€Å"examining business processes and making substantial changes to how the company operates†. [Drury C, 2008] BPR is a major tool used by business because they want gains in performance and quality, and they need to cost reductions to strive for profit maximisation. When re-engineering processes they look at what has been done and try to improve it. A typical example may be: Building a car by hand takes a considerable long time, however if they changed the process to the car being built by a robot, then they could increase performance and quality. However there are many negatives to usage of BPR. It has an uncertain result because it is an all or nothing technique (high risk). In addition it is said that

The Apartment essays

The Apartment essays The Apartment What exactly does the word meaning indicate? The dictionary states meaning as an implication of a hidden or special significance. In Humanities, the meaning of a film indicates the content, the perception, of what took place in a film. The main meaning of a film depends of the interpretation of a person. There could be one meaning or five meanings, but it depends on the person. The meaning of The Apartment is not a love story, but more of a drama about a man, C.C. Baxter, on a subconscious quest to become more outspoken and stand-up for himself. Characters, film techniques, and music all come together to make The Apartments meaning Characters are very important to a film, without characters, there would not be drama, action nor dialogue. C.C. Baxter is the main character who, throughout the movie, learns how to stick up for himself. Mr. Sheldrake and the four executives bribe Baxter into using his apartment by threatening to fire him. He does not stand up for himself, and lets the executives push him around. Miss. Kubelick, the love of Baxters life, helps him realize he is a pushover and needs to change his life. She helps him on his quest to become a better man, more Film techniques say a lot about a film. Whether the film is sophisticated, dreary, funny, romantic or even scary, film techniques help set the mood. In The Apartment, the director chose to use mostly medium shots and fade-out shots. We can see from the medium close-up shots the facial expressions of Baxter when he lets the executives from work push him around. The fade- out shots happen when an important event occurs. For example, when Baxter waits to get into his apartment, it fades out and goes into a shot of what is happening inside the apartment. From watching inside the apartment to outside with Baxter, we get a feel that Baxter is no ...

Hydromorphone Essays

Hydromorphone Essays Hydromorphone Essay Hydromorphone Essay The name of the drug is called Hydromorphone. The systematic name ( IUPAC ) is 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methylmor-phinan-6-one. Hydromorphone hydrochloride has a chemical expression of C17H19NO3. There are four functional groups in Hydromorphone hydrochloride: An Ether group A Ketone group An Amine group ( third ) A Phenol group Stereochemistry and conformation: Hydromorphone hydrochloride has 4 chiral Centres ( Four different groups attached to a sp3 hybridised C one chiral Centre ) . Therefore it has 24 = 16 stereoisomers. Carbon figure 1 has R-configuration Carbon figure 2 has R-configuration Carbon figure 3 has S-configuration Carbon figure 4 has R-configuration Hydromorphone hydrochloride is a semi-rigid molecule because it is composed of a five-member ring system: the phenolic ring ( A ) , the cyclohexane ring ( B ) , the cyclohexanone ring ( C ) , the N-methyl piperidine ring ( D ) , and the tetrahydrofuran ring ( E ) . The molecule has a T form. Ring A, B and E form a perpendicular plane where the C and D form the horizontal plane. Ringing C exists in a chair conformation due to impregnation of C-C two-base hit between C7 and 8. Ringing D besides exists in chair conformation. Synthesis: Commercially, Hydromorphone is made from morphine via either direct rearrangement ( reflux alky or acidic aqueous solution of morphia with Pt or Pd accelerator ) or decrease of morphia via catalytic hydrogenation, this two reactions both produce Dihydromorphine. The Dihydromorphine so undergo Oppenauer oxidization, where it is oxidised with benzophenone in the presence of K tert butoxide or aluminum tert butoxide to organize Hydromorphone. Drug stableness: The half life of Hydromorphone is 2.6hours through unwritten path, where it takes 18.6 hours for sustained release Palladone. Hydromorphone hydrochloride is affected by visible radiation, although Dilaudid hydrochloride injection may develop a little xanthous stain, this alteration does non bespeak loss of authority. Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection should be protected from visible radiation and stored at a controlled room temperature of 25 grades C, but can be exposed to temperatures runing from 15 to30 grades C ; freeze of the injection should be avoided. Hydromorphone hydrochloride tablets should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers, normally at 15 to30 grades C ; nevertheless, the maker recommends that the 8-mg tablets be stored at 15 to 25 grades C. Hydromorphone hydrochloride unwritten solution should be stored in light-resistant containers at 15 to 25 grades C, and suppositories of the drug should be stored at 2 to 8 grades C. Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection reportedly is physically and chemically stable for at least 24 hours in most common IV extract solutions when protected from visible radiation at 25 grades C. Hydromorphone is somewhat soluble in H2O, freely soluble in intoxicant and really soluble in trichloromethane. Formulation and packaging: In the U.K. Hydromorphone is merely available in signifier of unwritten capsules and modified release capsules, which means it is released easy to widen the length of the drug s consequence. Available strengths for Dilaudid hydrochloride ( Palladone A ; reg ; ) : 1.3mg ( orange/clear ) , net monetary value 56-capsules battalion = A ; lb ; 8.82 ; 2.6mg ( red/clear ) , 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 17.64. Where for the modified ( let go of Palladone A ; reg ; SR ) : m/r, Dilaudid hydrochloride 2mg ( yellow/clear ) , net monetary value 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 20.98 ; 4mg ( pale blue/clear ) , 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 28.75 ; 8mg ( pink/clear ) , 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 56.08 ; 16mg ( brown/clear ) , 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 106.53 ; 24mg ( dark blue/clear ) , 56-cap battalion = A ; lb ; 159.82. [ BNF 56 page 235-236 ] . Lipinski s Rules: The molecular weight of Hydromorphone is 285 g/mol. ( below 500 ) The Log P of Hydromorphone is +1.69. ( lower than +5 ) There is merely one H bond donating group, which is the hydroxyl group in Phenol. ( less than 5 groups ) here are merely three H bond accepting groups. ( less than 10 groups ) The functional groups are by and large stable to metabolism, i.e. hydrolysis and oxidizations. Harmonizing to the Lipinski s regulations of five , Hydromorphone is an orally active drug. LogP and treatment of hydrophobic/hydrophilic belongingss: It is possible to foretell the Log P of a molecule by utilizing the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Values ( p Values ) for organic fragments. This gives ( +0.5 x 11 ) + ( +2 x 1 ) + ( -1 X 3 ) + ( -1 X1 ) = +3.5. Therefore, the Predicted LogP = +3.5. Since 3.5 is greater than 0.5, Dilaudid is indissoluble in H2O. ( Soluble in H2O if smaller than 0.5 ) Harmonizing to the predicted LogP, Hydromorphone is a really hydrophobic ( lipotropic ) drug and it can go through through the membrane beds in cell and enter the blood stream ( high soaking up ) . Hydromorphone hydrochloride is indissoluble in H2O because of its non-polar groups. They are: The long aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, i.e. cyclohexanes and the phenyl group. These non-polar groups will non interact with polar H2O molecules as they can non organize H bonds together and hence indissoluble. pKa and ionization province: Hydromorphone hydrochloride has a pKa of 8.2 at 20 grades C [ Medicine Complete ] , it is decrepit acidic. To cipher the per centum of ionisation of Hydromorphone ( weak acid ) at different pH, Equation 1 can be used: Equation 1 % ionisation= 1001+antilog ( pKa-pH ) At pH 2: % ionisation = 1001+antilog ( 8.2-2 ) = 6.31 ten 10-5 % At pH 7.4: % ionisation = 1001+antilog ( 8.2-7.4 ) = 13.7 % At pH 10: % ionisation = 1001+antilog ( 8.2-10 ) = 98.4 % From the computations on the old page, I can reason that merely 6.31 ten 10-5 % of Dilaudid is ionized at pH 2, i.e. in the tummy. Therefore, there are 100 % 6.31 ten 10-5 % = 99.9999 % of nonionized Hydromorphone which can go through through the membrane barrier and enter the blood stream. Hydromorphone is extremely absorbed by the organic structure in tummy. Mode of action: Hydromorphone is an opioid anodyne ; it reacts with the opioid mu-receptors. The mu-receptors are discretely distributed in the human encephalon with high denseness in the posterior amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, thalamus, nucleus caudatus, putamen, and certain cortical countries. These receptors are besides found in the spinal cord and GI piece of land. It binds onto the mu-receptors and exerts its principle pharmacological consequence on the Central Nervous System and GI piece of land to bring forth analgesia and sedation. Hydromorphone is extremely absorbed by the human organic structure and it shows the analgesia consequence really rapidly one time enter the organic structure. It is 8 to 10 times stronger than morphia due to its hydrophobicity ( really lipophilic ) . Bibliography: Samuel, B. , Stanley, G. , Robert, R. ( 2004 ) , Process for the Synthesis of Hydromorphone, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp? WO=2006005112 A ; IA=AU2005001002 A ; DISPLAY=DESC, Date accessed 23/04/10. Author unknown. ( Date unknown ) , One-pot Isomerization of Morphine to Dihydromorphinone ( Hydromorphone ) , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/dihydromorphinones.html, Date accessed 23/04/10. Author unknown. ( 2006 ) , Hydromorphone, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patient.co.uk/medicine/Hydromorphone.htm, Date accessed 23/04/10. Hildebrand, K. , Elsberry, D. , Anderson, V. ( 2001 ) , Stability and Compatibility of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride in an Implantable Infusion System , Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 22 ( 6 ) , Page 1042-1047. Author unknown. ( 2010 ) , Hydromorphone Suppository, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugs.com/cdi/hydromorphone-suppository.html, Date accessed 24/04/10 Lipinski, C. ( 2004 ) , Lipinski s rule-of-five, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bioscreening.com/reference/lipinski_rule.htm, Date accessed 24/04/10. Author unknown. ( 2009 ) , Showing drug card for Hydromorphone ( DB00327 ) , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00327, Date accessed 24/04/10. Clarkes. ( 2006 ) , Clarke s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons Hydromorphone hydrochloride, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/clarke/2009/CLK0851.htm, Date accessed 24/04/10. Author unknown. ( 2008 ) , Monograph Hydromorphone Hydrochloride, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medscape.com/druginfo/monograph? cid=med A ; drugid=11338 A ; drugname=Hydromorphone+Rect A ; monotype=monograph A ; print=1, Date accessed 24/04/10. BMJ Group, . ( 2008 ) . British National Formulary 56, London, RPS Publishing. Bruice, P, . ( 2004 ) . Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, Pearson. Lo, K, . ( 1998 ) Synthesis of N- Phenethylnorhydromorphone, hypertext transfer protocol: //circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/11862/ubc_2001-0456.pdf ; jsessionid=8D12F28D380E801AE9A422C0F9CD3435? sequence=1, Date accessed 26/04/10

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