Management And Management Of Monitoring Employees - 846 Words

A managers are individuals that disseminate task, information to their employees, and monitors their work to verify that the job is being done efficiently. Besides monitoring employees, one of their main goal are to ensure that the company is earning the largest possible revenue in order to pay their employees, other expenses, and to net a profit so that money can also be saved for a â€Å"rainy days†. For example, buying or repairing of equipment or dealing with civil law suits. According to Robbin Coulter say, â€Å"A manage is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so organization goals can be accomplished (Coulter). In his book, he highlights that there are three types of manager; top manager, middle manager, and first†¦show more content†¦However, the main skills top managers must have is conceptual skill because their main responsibilities are dealing with making decisions such as creating innovative way create more profit, creation of ne w products and confirming that the middle, and front managers are doing their job both efficiently, and effectively. In class, we learned about the different types of managers. I learned that there are basically two types of managers, the first type of manager is the â€Å"team leader†, and the other type of manager is the traditional manager. The team leader is the type of managers that inspire their employees to think; they allow their employees to give feedback about how the company should be operated. In addition, task are completed as a group with the manager activity involved, and they allow their employees the freedom perform task in other innovative, modern ways that may might be taboo for a company that is accustom of doing business just in one way. Furthermore, this type of manager cares about their employees feel within the company, and tries to make them feel as comfortable as possible by asking them what can be done to make their job easier. Also, they acknowled ges their employees accomplishments by personally telling them and by public recognition. While on the other hand, the tradition manager does not

The Evolution Of Physical Anthropology Essay - 1282 Words

Name Professor Class Date 1) Define evolution Evolution refers to change over time as species modifies and separate to produce several offspring species. 2) Define physical anthropology Physical anthropology is concerned with the evolution of humans, their origin, diversity, as well as adaptations to environmental stresses. Discuss some of the general ways physical anthropologists investigate evolution Physical anthropologists investigate evolution through various ways in order to give a well understanding of human evolution and these are relative dating research, theoretical research, fossil research and environmental research. I will try to expound how each research method is relevant to anthropological study. †¢ Relative Dating This method is used to determine the exact age of fossils, artifacts and the earth. This involves, examining several strata of the crust of the earth to show the time intervals of one layer of rock to another layer as well as use the layering principle to confirm the series of cultures. Fluorine dating is a method is centered on the principle that the element fluorine from the soil is absorbed by fossil bones. The elements fluorine is buried in the soil and therefore the lengthier they are buried, the bones will have more fluorine. However, this method requires several samples taken from an immediate location. †¢ Theoretical Research Evolutionary theory is an important part of physical anthropology as it helps the researchers to have a solidShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Physical Anthropology On Human Evolution843 Words   |  4 Pagesthese questions is through the idea of evolution. Evolution, from a biological perspective, is the belief that changes within species takes place over a period of time, but that those species can be tied to a common ancestor. (Park, 2011) Through physical anthropology this idea can be supported. There are four subfields of anthropology. Physical anthropology is actually another name for biological anthropology, which is one of the subfields of anthropology that focuses its study on humans as aRead MoreEvolution And Evolution Of Evolution1337 Words   |  6 Pagesgather data through various subfields within Anthropology to adapt to the human species. Evolution would be defined as when â€Å"something† can develop from something that is simplistic to something that can adapt to the world around it and is more complex. All human beings in past and present as well as all living organisms have been part of a process of Evolution. Evolution can be viewed as adaptations, as well as growing to better advancment, evolution has taken ahold of all species throughoutRead MoreThe Full Scope Of Human Life871 Words   |  4 Pagesbe human. Many fields such as history, psychology, and sociology all offer a perspective in the study of humanity, but there are distinguishable from anthropology. Anthropology differs from other humanities fields due to its holistic nature, comparative research methods, and the strong emphasis on fieldwork and participant interaction. Anthropology is the study of people throughout the world, their evolutionary history, how they behave, adapt to different environments, communicate and socialize withRead Mor eAnthropology and Its Branches1728 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology is the study of human beings, in particular the study of their physical character, evolutionary history, racial classification, historical and present-day geographic distribution, group relationships, and cultural history. Anthropology can be characterized as the naturalistic description and interpretation of the diverse peoples of the world. Modern-day anthropology consists of two major divisions: cultural anthropology, which deals with the study of human culture in all its aspects;Read MoreAnthropology Essay Assignment1154 Words   |  5 Pages| ANTH100 Assignment 1 Heather Hartwig American Military University October 21, 2012 Assignment 1 1) Discuss what evolution is in terms of physical anthropology. Evolution refers to change over time. In terms of physical anthropology, evolution is changes over time in living organisms. This means that living things have passed their traits from one generation to the next. There are very little changes that occur with each generation, but over time these changes accumulate in eachRead MoreEssay on Physical Anthropology: The Link between Human Nature914 Words   |  4 Pages Physical anthropology â€Å"is in large part, human biology seen from an evolutionary perspective† (Jurmaln, Kilgore Trevathan, 2011). By this statement, I believe the authors mean that physical anthropology studies human biology with an evolutionary viewpoint rather than a scientific or medical viewpoint. Anthropology, as a broader science, is concerned with and studies human culture and the evolutionary aspects of human biology. Since culture affects human beings and human beings affect cultureRead MoreEssay on Evolution VS. Creationism1412 Words   |   6 Pagesand how all living things acquired their characteristics. The two main theories that arose over time were Creationism and Evolution, both of which provided very distinct answers to this question. Creationism based its answer on the idea of a supernatural power or being that created the entire universe, man and the numerous other organisms that live within it. While, Evolution theorizes that all living things have the potential to change and grow over time into something new and different. So inRead MoreIntro to Physical Anthropology Chap 1,2,31217 Words   |  5 PagesChapter One-Introduction Anthropology: the study of humans in all times, situations, and places. Physical Anthropology: the scientific study of humans as biological organisms, in an evolutionary context. Branches of Physical Anthropology: Human evolution: the study of how and why our human ancestors changed over millions of years. Genetics: the mechanics of inheritance and how evolutionary change works. Paleoanthropology: the study of the fossil record of ancestral humans andRead MoreFieldwork in Various Anthropological Schools of Thought Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesCultural anthropology is a social science that studies the origins and development of human societies (History World International, 2001). Many theories to explain cultural variations among humans have emerged. As a result, numerous anthropological schools of thought have been established based on these theories since the nineteenth century. These schools of thought encompass the dominant beliefs about culture during a time period and are constantly changing as new knowledge is acquired. As schoolsRead MoreHow Technology has Changed Anthropology872 Words   |  4 PagesHow technology has changed Anthropology â€Å"Anthropology is the most humanistic of the sciences and the most scientific of the humanities† – Alfred L. Kroeber Anthropology is holistic. Humans are social beings more than anything, but with underlying psychological, biological and cultural connotations. The field of anthropology encompasses everything and anything having to do with humankind throughout history. Anthropology attempts to answer the tough questions about the human condition. What influences

Music For The People free essay sample

Marky Mark and The Funky Bunch are a brand-new, fresh group straight from Dorchester. By now, however, they are pretty well-known with their two most popular hits Good Vibrations and Wildside pumping over the air waves of every Top 40 radio station you turn to. Some people are quick to judge that the group is too similar to the ever-so-popular New Kids, and therefore refuse to accept them. Lead member is Marky Mark Wahlberg (little brother of New Kid Donnie). But one must be careful not to compare the two groups based on Marks association with Donnie. True Donnie does produce the Funky Bunch group, but Donnie and Mark (although blood relatives) are two totally different individuals with their own artistic talents. Mark has a style all his own which is evident on his new album Music for the People. On July 23, 1991, Marky Mark kicked off the release of his new album with a record signing at Tower Records in Boston. We will write a custom essay sample on Music For The People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the hoards of fans waiting in line outside the store, it was obvious that this group was already rapidly increasing in popularity and heading towards major stardom. Once inside, everyone got a chance to meet with the Funky Bunch members and received autographs and took pictures. The tapes and CDs of Music for the People were readily available. I bought a copy on CD assuming it would be good music, but I never imagined it would be as incredible as I know it is now! Each and every song has its own distinguished sound of combined hip-hop and rap. All the songs on the album are base, upbeat tunes with the exceptions of Wildside (a slowed-down rap about some of the violence and drug problems in Boston) and Make Me Say Ooh (a rap version of a ballad). This is definitely an album worth checking out if youre a rap lover like me! You dont have to be a New Kids fan to buy this album. Youll be surprised at what a great rapper Marky is! n

Fusion Our Futures Energy Essay Example For Students

Fusion: Our Futures Energy? Essay Fusion: Our Futures Energy?Fusion energy seems to be the most promising energy source of the not-too-distant future. It is safe, it uses an energy supply that is so abundant that it will never run out, it gives off harmless waste, and it produces energy comparable to the Earths sun! But are there any problems with this hopeful energy source?What is Nuclear Fusion?To understand fusion, it is a good idea to know about fission. This is the splitting of the nuclei of atoms into two or more smaller nuclei by bombarding them with neutrons of low energy. It was discovered in the 1930s in an attempt to make transuranium elements (elements with atomic numbers greater than Uranium that do not exist in nature). They discovered that the nucleus of Uranium-235 breaks apart into two smaller nuclei after absorbing a neutron. This happens because the extra neutron made it unstable. This produces more neutrons that bombard more Uranium nuclei, causing a chain reaction that produces an enormous amount of energy. We will write a custom essay on Fusion: Our Futures Energy? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The problem is the nuclear waste that is produces. It is very radioactive and will not become stable for a very long time. Such a harmful substance is a great health concern and needs to be disposed of. Another problem is the energy it needs. It uses an element that is hard to find and which will eventually run out. Also, the reaction cannot be easily stopped and if it cant be stopped, a nuclear meltdown can occur. This is a serious environmental concern. Fusion is different. It is a process that combines two nuclei into one, releasing an amount of energy that is far greater than that of fission. In a common type of reaction, two isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium fuse together, making helium and a neutron. A small amount of the mass produced is converted into an enormous burst of energy. Difficulty of a fusion reactionThe main difficulty in a fusion reaction is the heat needed for it to occur. A reaction such as fusion that requires an intense amount of heat is called a thermonuclear reaction. It commonly takes place in huge machines called tokamaks. It can only occur in a special form of matter called plasma, a gas made up of free electrons and nuclei. When this plasma is heated millions of degrees, the nuclei move so fast that they fuse. The problem is in finding a container that can hold this extremely hot plasma. This plasma has a tendency to expand and escape from its container. The walls of the container have to be very cool, or else they will melt. If the plasma touches the walls, it becomes too cool for the reaction to occur. But how can a container hold the plasma without touching the plasma? The answer is in devices known as magnetic bottles, which are twisted into coils. They have a metal wall that is surrounded by a magnet. Electrical current flows through the magnet, creating a magnetic field on the inside of the walls. This pushes the plasma away from the walls and toward the center of each coil. There are problems with this reaction. All the fusion devices built so far use more energy than they produce! Another problem is the environmental concern. When neutrons bombard the walls of the reactors, the walls become radioactive. Walls that become less radioactive will have to be found. Why fusion is still half a century awayThe money needed to research fusion is getting smaller and after about four decades of research, the payoff seems to be far from now. The approach does not seem to be in the right direction. Researchers have put too much emphasis on designing a practical fusion power plant without really understanding some of the fundamental physics involved. The experimental reactors have no general research purpose. The fusion researchers will have to start rethinking their ideas. Research will have to change from a developing a new energy technology to developing a broader understanding of a fusion reaction. .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 , .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .postImageUrl , .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 , .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870:hover , .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870:visited , .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870:active { border:0!important; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870:active , .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870 .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub915bd3161431ee5f8c1bbbf30f48870:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dolly Madison EssayAlternatives to current reactorsSome people say that the current fusion reactors, such as the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor at Princeton University, should be shut down. But others say that these labs have been very successful. The Princeton reactor can produce 10 million watts of power in bursts of about a second each, but it relies on external power. These reactions have not yet reached a point where the power produced in each reaction can be used directly in the next reaction, allowing the external power to be turned off. The Princeton lab wanted to build a new machine to replace the current one, but the cost of 1.8 billion dollars and the unresolved te chnical issues caused the idea to be rejected. Instead, the current machines continue to be upgraded. A different reactor called the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a next-generation tokamak, has also been proposed and seems to be a better choice. Some people say that a new type of reactor, besides the tokamak, should be used. The Japanese have a design called the Field Reversed Configuration Reactor. Another idea is to use lasers to trigger fusion in tiny pellets of fusion fuel. The goals of fusionAn ideal fusion reactor of the future could use the hydrogen extracted from one gallon of water to produce the equivalent energy of 300 gallons of gasoline, eliminating the need for fossil fuels. Everything should be automatic with very little supervision. It should produce no harmful wastes and have no possibility of failure. But the technical obstacles involved to make such a device are far from being completed. Fusion will not become a commercial device until the second half of the next century. However, one thing is evident: Fusion will eventually be the leading source of energy for the future.

Migrants Effects on Singapore Essay Example

Migrants Effects on Singapore Essay Singapore is one of the most economically prosperous country in the South East Asia region. There has been a influx of foreigners in the country in recent years. I think the foreigners bring about a positive impact in the economical area, however in other areas such as social and environmental area, foreigners may bring about a negative impact instead. Migrants bring about a positive impact in the economical aspect of Singapore. They provide for much cheap labour.Manual work and low status jobs are generally disliked by locals because of the social stigma attached and its low pay. For example, Chinese migrants are often employed in construction firms which are jobs despised by Singaporeans. When jobs such as these are taken up, jobs are more efficiently taken up and this will promote the economic growth of the country in the long run. Singapore will thus be likely to benefit from foreigners coming to Singapore economically.Migrants brought about a negative impact in the social aspect . Singapore, with its high percentage of foreigners in it population will inevitably face with social issues such as the erosion of the Singapore culture and racism. Over the years, many cases of racism, especially through online multimedia websites such as twitter has occurred. One example would be the recent case of a teenager tweeting on the train â€Å" the Indian beside me was extremely smelly† Such cases occur continuously in Singapore.The lack of any statistics on the internet regarding racism in Singapore further proves that the government was trying to cover it up. Whether this is true or not, it is doubtlessly agreeable that racism is a increasing issue in Singapore. Therefore, in the social aspect of Singapore, foreigners bring about an undesirable impact. Migrants also bring about a negative impact in the environmental aspect of Singapore. Singapore is a small country with an incredibly high population density, as such, public facilities are often sought after by both foreigners and locals.The influx of migrants means that locals and foreigners have to compete for space in the park or on the park and this results in overcrowding. Furthermore, foreigners may not be familiar with the environmental rules of Singapore, and may litter in public places as their home country may not be as stringent in the cleanliness aspect. Over time, this may affect the image of Singapore, a â€Å"clean and green† city. Thus, foreigners bring about a negative impact in the environmental aspect of Singapore as they compete for the use of public places and may also affect the cleanliness of Singapore.Overall, I believe that while migrants bring about a negative impact to Singapore. This is because migrants are only good to a certain extent and have to be more carefully moderated. Having a smaller amount of migrants in Singapore will definitely bring about an overall benefit to Singapore. However the large number of migrants in Singapore has also caused socia l and environmental problems in Singapore. I think the negatives out-weigh the positive. Thus, they bring about mainly negative impacts to the country.

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Essays

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Essays Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Paper Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Paper In the drama written by Sophocles. Oedipus the King. there are several cases of sarcasm. Dramatic sarcasm. or tragic sarcasm as some critics would prefer to name it. normally means a state of affairs in which the character of the drama has limited cognition and says or does something in which they have no thought of the significance. The audience. nevertheless. already has the cognition of what is traveling to happen or what the effects of the characters actions will be. The grade of sarcasm and the consequence it has depends upon the readers’ appreciation and acknowledgment of some disagreement between two things. Our first gustatory sensation of dramatic sarcasm comes really early into the drama when Oedipus vows to convey to justice the slayer of Laius. which is in world himself. When he learns that the delivery of justness of Laius’ killer will free the metropolis of a awful pestilence. he sets forth with a program to track down the slayer. Oedipus begins to cuss the slayer and vows: Oedipus: As for the condemnable. I pray to God – Whether it be a lurking stealer. or one of a figure – I pray that that man’s life be consumed in immorality and misery. And as for me. this expletive applies no lupus erythematosus ( 968 ) This is really dry. as Oedipus is so. without cognition of the truth. speaking about himself. Another illustration of dramatic sarcasm is the power of destiny and Oedipus’ impotence against it. Throughout the drama we are cognizant of Oedipus’ destiny and we realize there is nil that he can make to alter it. When Oedipus tells his metropolis after listening to their supplication for aid against the awful illness and pestilence that has taken over the metropolis: Oedipus: I know that you are deathlike ill ; and yet. Sick as you are. non one is every bit ill as I. ( 963 ) The audience understands the truth and the sarcasm in that statement. Oedipus should non worry about himself going ‘sick’ for he is already infested with the illness. A 3rd illustration of the sarcasm of Oedipus is the fact that Oedipus seemed to be unsighted and deaf to the truth. He appears to be on a valorous hunt for the truth and justness of the slayer of Laius. yet refuses to hear the truth when it is spoken to him. In order to hear the truth Oedipus needed to be able to hear and construe it. yet he merely heard what he wanted to hear. Therefore rendering him unable to understand the enigma of who he genuinely was. In this drama at that place seems to be a changeless twine of sarcasms throughout. Oedipus is in denial of the truth. In his dramatic addresss he misconstrues the information that he has been given by Teiresias. every bit good as Creon and Iocaste. The dismaying realisation that the prognostication of the Sphinx is in fact the truth. causes Oedipus to blind himself. The audience therefore pities him. which is a consequence of the usage of dramatic sarcasm. The usage of sarcasm in a drama allows the author to do their audience want to see how the events which are happening. mentally affect the chief character. even if they already know how the narrative will stop. as in Oedipus the King. Kennedy. X. J. . and Gioia Dana. â€Å"Oedipus the King† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction. Poetry. and Drama. 2nd edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. 2000. 960-1005.

Nuclear Weapon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nuclear Weapon - Essay Example That was the first and last strategic use of the "dirty bomb" which left its permanent mark in the form of acute radiation sickness and many lost generations in Japan. Such a mass level of death was only achieved by the Nazi's or blood thirsty conquerors like Genghis Khan who killed indiscriminately and mercilessly. Wiping out the entire population of an enemy country has never been easier. Yet in the aftermath of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki saga the nations of the world woke up to the horrific nightmares of such a drastic strategic weapon use. The use of nuclear weapons was strongly opposed at an international level and nuclear weapons were reduced to their role as political weapons.2Today these weapons have become political instruments with their role in pressuring and dominating other states. Any state without nuclear weapons perceives itself to be "weak" in political negotiations. 3 However super powers like the US have not exactly forgiven their weaker counterparts i.e. those countries who have dared to show defiance by "possessing" nuclear weapons. An example is the recent destruction of Iraq due to its weapons of mass destruction and the threats of a US attack faced by Iran for its hidden weapons of mass destruction.4 Pakistan has never revived from its political instability , since the political turmoil which arose just after the former premier Nawaz Sharif's refusal to sign the CTBT. 5. Arguably the nuclear weapon has become a cultural instrument .The 20th century saw two world wars and many civil wars which reshaped and readjusted the entire world's geography ,history and politics. There was a culture of violence which involved the cowboy style elimination of any state which dared defy a super power. Thus it was a culture of achieving ends by means of mass destruction and bloodshed. The ease with which the "dirty bomb" eliminated the enemy population frightened the warring nations beyond their wits. This is evident from the fact that apart from a few civil wars and regional unrest, there has been no large scale warfare around the world. Now there is a culture of promoting peace and having peace talks as all nations secretly wonder what the other state might be hiding in its weapons arsenal. However another alarming development is the increase in the ambiguous nuclear arsenals and secret war exercises in deserts by many countries like Pakistan and Israel6.The events of the past decade have seen an increase in the strategic, political and cultural importance of nuclear weapons .With in all three of these contexts Nuclear Weapons have become a part and parcel of the defence culture and an important tenet of government and policy. It should be noted in the background that the increase in the availability of the weapons has not been left uncontrolled and unmonitored. In 1957 the IAEA (The International Atomic Energy Agency) was set up to promote peaceful development of nuclear power and also provide for its control and to counter the proliferation of such weapons with in the principles of public international law. The IAEA did indeed encourage peaceful use of nuclear applications and the CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty) was a controversial issue of the mid-nineties which prohibited the testing of nuclear technology. Notoriously enough India and Pakistan refused to sign it, making South Asia a politically sensitive nation.7Since

Applying strategic management in state of Qatar Essay

Applying strategic management in state of Qatar - Essay Example Cancer has been a disease that has been on the rise all over the world. The national cancer strategy is working hard to make sure that the Qatari population gets the best healthcare at home. The national cancer program holds public events so as to educate people about cancer (Manfred, 45). With more awareness, the people are able to take good care of themselves. If the ministry puts aside cash for this organization, it can help in cost that they incur while holding their events. The most important factor when it comes to any sector, whether public or private, is ensuring that all members of staff are equipped with enough skills to do their job. The Qatar foundation has opened a health care center to give services to its employees. If more of such facilities can be invested into, it would mean that the medical sector would be armed with qualified staff that is able to deal with any situation that they may face (Bodenheimer, & Brian,460) . These strategies should not lie only in the health sector, the government should work on making sure that all public sectors are better

Recommendation Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recommendation Report - Assignment Example By becoming energy efficient the company becomes cost efficient which provides not only the economic benefit but also a marketing benefit. One way YEG can tap into the eco-consumer market is by providing LED light bulbs that reduce utility bills by up to 80% and have the lifespan of as long as 20 years. In this report, a cost benefit analysis of LED bulbs and its non-LED counterparts will be done and the pros and cons of each product will be analyzed. Green Marketing Analysis Green marketing is essentially the, â€Å"consumption an disposal of products and services happen in a manner that is less detrimental to the environment† (Choudhary & Gokarn, 2013). With the rise in the awareness about nonbiodegradeable waste, impact of toxic pollutants and global warming, marketers are consumers are now shifting towards green marketing and becoming more environmentally conscious. We believe YEG can achieve success in green marketing if three key principles given below are followed (Chou dhary & Gokarn, 2013): Consumer Value Positioning Calibration of Consumer Knowledge Credibility of Product Claim Customers are looking for these three principles when they consider the green products. Consumer value positioning entails providing a product that is just as good if not better, than its alternatives. The value that the customer is looking for should be present in the eco-friendly product. Calibration of consumer knowledge means that you educate the consumers about the specific environmentally friendly attributes of the product. This involves using the ‘green’ aspect of the product as a marketing tool. Marketing the product as a ‘green solution’ for their needs is essential as studies show that if all other things are constant, consumers will prefer the green alternative (Ginsberg & Bloom, 2004). Credibility of product claim means that the business should market the products’ benefits in a specific and meaningful manner. Studies show that consumers don’t like ‘green marketing’ if it is done as a, â€Å"token gesture flashed as eye candy on market literature† (Univsersity of Vermont, 2012). Hence credibility of the claims being made is important while implementing this strategy. Keeping in mind these three principles that the customers require, if YEG will provide a product that delivers on all three factors with its value and is a ‘green solution’ then YEG can tap into this market. Annotated Bibliography Mishra, P., & Sharma, P. (2012). Green Marketing: Challenges and Opportunities for Business. Journal of Marketing and Communication, 8(1), 35-41 This paper analyzes the need for green marketing in a business, the goals of green marketing and the challenges associated with it. It also examines the benefits it can give to the business if implemented properly and the role this strategy will play in the future. The core theme of this paper was how to pursue green marketing along w ith its environmental and social dimensions. It suggests that environmental impact assessment must be done in a systemized and effective manner. The three goals that companies must achieve to become ecofriendly include: Cleaning up their products by eliminating hazardous substances, take back and recycle products and reduce climate impact. The marketers should educate the consumers about the benefits of green products and form a policy that addresses their need for a quality product that does not

Causal Information as Reward for Children

Causal Information as Reward for Children Loredana Lenghel Life-span Developmental Psychology 1. Details of the applicant: Loredana Lenghel 2. Title of the proposal: Keeping Children Engaged – Causal Information as Reward 3. Summary of the proposed research This study proposes research on the effects of causal information as reward on the intrinsic motivation of children. Causal information has been shown to maintain task engagement in children better than tangible rewards because it touches children’s innate interest in the world. A repeated measures experimental design with children aged 8 to 10 will be used to establish if indeed the intrinsic motivation of children is not undermined by causal information as reward. The results have implications in areas such as education and learning. 4. Keywords Intrinsic motivation, causal information, reward, education 5a. Research topic Motivation to fulfill personal needs is what drives people to act. Being defined as â€Å"the reasons underlying behavior† (Guay et al., 2010, p. 712), it is understandable why it is important to establish the building blocks of motivation and how these can be manipulated in order to preserve people’s sense of fulfillment. Motivation has been a topic widely investigated within the social sciences, there being several theories that attempt to explain this process. The most common distinction encountered in the literature is between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Ryan Deci, 2000). Intrinsic motivation is seen as inherently volitional; it is the force that drives actions and sustains activities due to personal desires as it is associated to personal enjoyment, interest, pleasure or high engagement. In contrast, extrinsic motivation is seen as governed by reinforcement factors; this type of motivation implies doing activities due to reasons that are external to the ta sk, such as receiving a reward (Lai, 2011). The differences between these types of motivations can be associated with the quality of task outcomes. For instance, task outcomes such as spelling, writing or vocabulary development represent only a narrow range in which the relevance of these motivation forms can be observed. Thus, an important area where intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation needs to be taken into account is education and learning. The relevance and importance of this proposed study can be understood when looking at how children’s motivation develops. Research on children’s intrinsic motivation shows that it is not a stable construct. Intrinsic motivation tends to decrease with age, ninth graders exhibiting less motivation than third graders (Lepper, Sethi, Dialdin, Drake, 1997) (Lai, 2011). However, some evidence shows that after the age of 15, there is again an increase in this type of motivation (Gillet, Vallerand, Lafreniere, 2012). One study argues that academic intrinsic motivation stabilize s as one advances in age. They found that between the ages of 9 and 17, motivation can be seen as having cumulative effects. Information about motivation at one age can be used to predict further motivation. Moreover, they argued that academic motivation is relevant for the school curriculum, showing a decline for sciences and reading. Another point touched upon was that children with low motivation at the beginning of schooling are at risk and lack future interest in learning (Gottfried, Fleming, Gottfried, 2001). What is more, studies suggest that before starting school, children are generally intrinsically motivated, eager and excited about learning. This effect then diminishes and some children show reluctance towards studying. This is why having an efficient method to nurture children’s motivation can have a positive effect on their future motivation. It also shows that a method is necessary to help maintain academic interest in subjects for which children’s intr insic motivation to learn declines. Notwithstanding these findings, society has taken a problematic approach to maintaining children’s motivation. Several studies have shown that rewarding someone for doing a certain task can diminish their intrinsic motivation. (Lai, 2011) (Hagger Chatzisarantis, 2011) (Lepper, Sethi, Dialdin, Drake, 1997). Deci et al. (2001) have investigated the effect of different kinds of rewards on the motivation of children. They argue that rewards are composed of two aspects: the informational and the controlling aspects. The informational aspect of a reward conveys self-determined competence and can enhance intrinsic motivation whereas the controlling aspect is what determines the external perception of locus of control and can decrease intrinsic motivation. The authors looked at verbal and tangible rewards to establish which one is more likely to be seen as informational or controlling. Their results showed that tangible, task-contingent rewards undermined the intrinsic motivation of children. Verbal rewards, on the other hand, increased intrinsic motivation and were more likely to be seen as informational. Another important result of this study showed that whereas verbal rewards are beneficial for college students, they have a lower effect on children. However, the undermining of intrinsic motivation by tangible rewards was more accentuated in children than in students. This shows that children are more sensitive to extrinsic rewards and that measures to resolve the issue of intrinsic motivation decrease caused by extrinsic rewards need to be taken. Children’s inherent curiosity and interest in the surrounding world also plays a role in the development of motivation. Constructivist theorists argued that children are â€Å"active builders of knowledge – little scientists who are constantly creating and testing their own theories of the world† (Ravitch, 2001, p.442). In their study, Deci et al. (2001) also investigated children’s interest and discovered that offering verbal rewards results in enhanced self-reports of interest, whereas all tangible rewards resulted in lower interest. Chen and Xiang (2005) studied the interaction effect between intrinsic motivators and extrinsic rewards on behaviors. They argued that interest is a construct embedded in intrinsic motivation and that it is the most important predictor of future motivation for engaging in an activity. Their study showed that activities based on interest could have a stronger and prolonged effect in a learning situation. Embedded in this idea , studies have tried to investigate whether children’s curiosity could be utilized as a way to reinforce their learning. It has been showed that children understand and are interested in causal information and derive satisfaction from answering with causal factors (Lai, 2011). A recent study (Alvarez Booth, 2014) utilized children’s interest in the world to establish whether it can be used as reward for task engagement. They used causal information to reward children for engaging in a boring activity and discovered that youngsters showed more engagement when presented with strong causal information than when rewarded with something tangible. This body of literature offers the foundations for the investigation of the effect of causal information as reward on intrinsic motivation, which is the aim of the current study. Causal information as reward is fundamentally an extrinsic factor that can be used to motivate children; however, because it touches upon children’s inherent curiosity and can be seen as having an informational aspect, its effect should not be as detrimental. If this type of information increases task persistence, children’s engagement could increase as well, promoting better learning. Thus, the key objective of this study is to establish whether causal information as reward undermines intrinsic motivation in children between the ages of 8 and 10. It is hypothesized that children who will be rewarded with causal information will not show a decrease in their intrinsic motivation, as opposed to the children who will receive tangible rewards. The innovative aspect of the study is to be found in the manner it uses previous research which found that causal information engages children just as much as tangible rewards and tries to determine its effect on intrinsic motivation. There is no prior research that has taken this approach, making it the first study that might offer some insight into this issue. This insight could bring about numerous implications for children’s education and learning. Moreover, further research in this area could investigate the method in which the presentation of causally rich information could increase learning. One mechanism that we propose to play a role in this process is that of attention. Catching children’s attention with causal information that appeals to their interest can result in more task engagement and thus an increase in their learning process. 5b. Approach In order to establish the effect of causal information as reward on the intrinsic motivation of children, a repeated measures experimental design will be used. Based on the discussed literature, it is hypothesized that offering children causal information as reward will not undermine their intrinsic motivation. The experiment will consist of 120 children aged 8 to 10 doing a boring, repetitive task. Local schools will be contacted in order to gather the necessary participants. The age range was chosen because it represents the ages at which children in most countries are already in school[1] and poses some basic educational knowledge, such as counting or writing. Moreover, the previously mentioned studies showed that the intrinsic motivation of children tends to decrease with the advancement in age (Lepper, Sethi, Dialdin, Drake, 1997) (Lai, 2011). A boring, repetitive task of moderate difficulty is likely to keep children somewhat engaged while not making them abandon the task due to its difficulty. The task will be divided into trials and will consist of children counting how many animals of a certain type appear on a screen. After each trial, they will be rewarded according to the group they are in. Each child is required to do 10 trials. To compare the intrinsic motivation of children, three different groups will be made; each group having a minimum of 40 participants. The first group will receive as reward causal information about the animal they were required to count. The second group of children will receive a tangible reward in order to determine whether there is a significant difference between tangible and causal information as rewards. A third group will be the control group, not receiving anything for doing the tasks; thus being used as a base category to which the other two will be compared. Therefore, the type of reward will constitute the independent variable (IV) of the study. The three different groups will represent the three levels of the ID. In order to establish the intrinsic motivation of children, measurement of it will be done before and after the tasks. Intrinsic motivation will be measured by offering them the chance to do the task before and after the study. In the before and after measurements of intrinsic motivation, the â€Å"free choice† (Thakor, 1994) measure combined with a self-report questionnaire will be used. The children will be told they can do the task for as long as they want, without receiving any rewards. The time spent on the task will be indicative of their intrinsic motivation because it is assumed that their engagement with the task comes from personal interest, as no other reinforcements are offered. If there is no difference in the group receiving causal information as reward in the before and after measurement of intrinsic motivation, it would show that this type of reward has no effect on the intrinsic motivation of children. A self-report questionnaire will be used alongside the â€Å"free choice† method to strengthen the measurements. The questionnaire will consist of items which measure interest, enjoyment and attention paid to the task. The answer categories will be based on an enjoyment scale that will show smileys depicting faces from sad to happy and organized on a 5-point Likert scale. This method intends to make the self-report of children more suitable for their understanding. The measurement of intrinsic motivation will constitute the dependent variable of the study. The innovative aspect of this methodology can be seen in the combination of self-report questionnaires and the previously used method of measuring intrinsic motivation, namely the â€Å"free choice† method. Moreover, the self-report method has been designed with the intention to facilitate children’s’ understanding of the answers they choose. One valuable addition to this method needs to be mentioned. When assessing the intrinsic motivation of children, problems with the accuracy of responses might be encountered even though measures to control for this issue have been taken. It is not guaranteed that children are able to provide unbiased assessments of their interests or motives. However, a more clear image of the results will be gather in this way rather than utilizing only the â€Å"free choice† method, as done in previous research. 5c. Word count (sections 5a-5b) 5d. Time plan The timetable proposed for this research project is divided according to the tasks needed to be accomplished. First, two weeks are dedicated to the writing of the introduction and determining an exact research design. Next, one month is needed to conduct the experiment, which entails finding enough participants and the actual experimental sessions. Another month would be required for the coding, analysis and reporting of data. A final week would be dedicated to finalize the research report. Thus, the total time required to for this research amounts to two months and three weeks. 5f. Social significance (max. 200 words) It is often said that children are the future of society. They are the ones that will take oven when the current generations fade away. It is important, thus, to provide them with all the resources and quality care available. Motivation plays an important role in the shaping of individuals and as it has been shows, motivation is not a fixed concept. Discovering methods in which we can shape the motivation of children in such way that they maintain their innate excitement and curiosity towards learning and knowledge has major implications for their development. A generation of people who retained an intrinsic motivation as the one of children can give rise to a great number or innovations and societal improvement, bringing about higher life satisfaction (Martin-Albo, Nunez, Domingues, 2012). 5g. Literature references Works Cited Alvarez, A., Booth, A. (2014). Motivated by Meaning: Testing the effect of Knowledge-Infused Rewards on Preschoolers Persistence. Child Development, 783-791. Deci, E., Koestner, R., Ryan, R. (2001). Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation in Education: Reconsidered Once Again. Review of Educational Research, 1-27. Gillet, N., Vallerand, R., Lafreniere, M.-A. (2012). Intrinsic and Extrinsic School Motivation as a Function of Age: The Mediating Role of Autonomy Support. Soc Psychological Education, 77-95. Gottfried, A., Fleming, J., Gottfried, A. (2001). Continuity of Academic Intrinsic Motivation From Childhood Through Late Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. Journal Of Educational Psychology, 3-13. Guay, F., Ratelle, C. F., Marsh, H. W., Larose, S., Boivin, M. (2010). Intrinsic, identifie, and controlled types of motivation for school subjects in young elementary school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 711-735. Hagger, M., Chatzisarantis, N. (2011). Causality orientations moderate the undermining effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 485-489. Lai, E. (2011). Motivation: A Literature Review. Pearson. Lepper, M., Sethi, S., Dialdin, D., Drake, M. (1997). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A developmental perspecive. In S. Iyengar, Developmental Psychopathology: Perspectives on Adjustment, Risk, and Disorder (pp. 23-50). New York: Cambridge University Press. Martin-Albo, J., Nunez, J., Domingues, E. (2012). Relationship between intrinsic motivation, self-concept and satisfaction with life: A longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 337-347. Thakor, M. (1994). Innate: Development of a New Intrinsic Motivation Measure Using Confirmatory Factor Analytic Methods. Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, 116-121. Xiang, P., Chen, A., Bruene, A. (2005). Interactive impact of intrinsic motivators and extrinsic rewards on behavior and motivation outcomes. Journal of teaching in physical education, 179-197. [1] http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.AGES

paintball :: essays research papers

Paintball Misrepresented Sport When you here about paintball in the news, it's always a story of someone losing an eye or committing a crime. Is this what paintball is about? Definitely not! Lets first start off by saying, that accusing the sport of paintball, for criminals vandalizing property with paintball markers (They are actually classified as markers, not guns, because they mark people, like in a game of tag), is like blaming the sport of baseball, for people that fight or injure people with bats. It's like accusing football for encouraging people to fight. Of course though, football is never blamed for that. Some people also would like to say that paintball is too dangerous, and people get injured way too often because it's unsafe to play. The fact is, those people couldn't be more wrong. Paintball requires a mask to be worn on all public fields. Neck protectors and vests are also optional if you feel like it. Most people would probably be surprised to learn that players and referees take extra care to make sure that all the players are safe in a game. National averages even show that paintball has a lower injury rate than bowling and golf! So how did those kids in the news loose an eye? Simple, they didn't wear the right protection and were probably playing on their own field, without refs and proper marker testing. Playing paintball without masks is the equivalent of playing tackle football with pads and helmets, which means someone could get hurt. Is football ever criticized for severe injuries? Almost never. So why should paintball be any different? So, before you decide to criticize paintball, first go to you local field (here in Utah, you can go to Paintball Planet or Army Navy Surplus) and try a game. Then create your opinion. Most people who go actually find it very fun. It gets your adrenaline pumping and has a frantic (but fun) feel to it. It also has some value. Playing the game a lot develops excellent hand-eye-coordination, teaches teamwork, trust, and careful planning.

Benchmarking

Is defined by CIMA as ‘The Establishment, through data gathering of targets and comparators, through whose use relative levels of performance (and under performance) can be identified. ’[CIMA, 2008] This definition explains in my mind that benchmarking is the comparison of one/ several company’s comparison of relative factors to another’s. Therefore seeing how a company’s best practise differs to your own. There are several types of benchmarking that a company may use; Internal, Functional, Competitive and Strategic. A company may use internal benchmarking to compare different processes within the same departments. If they use functional benchmarking then they are mainly looking their departments and which runs better regardless of their different outputs. Competitive benchmarking is information gathered about direct competitors and finally strategic is a longer term benchmark technique. This is used for companies looking for organisational change. The main advantage for benchmarking is to â€Å"set the foundation for performance improvement† to help â€Å"better competitors† [Nayab, 2010] and overall be the best company in the Market place. On the other hand a disadvantage is; how readily available is all the information you require to benchmark? Business Process Re-engineering Is defined by Drury as â€Å"examining business processes and making substantial changes to how the company operates†. [Drury C, 2008] BPR is a major tool used by business because they want gains in performance and quality, and they need to cost reductions to strive for profit maximisation. When re-engineering processes they look at what has been done and try to improve it. A typical example may be: Building a car by hand takes a considerable long time, however if they changed the process to the car being built by a robot, then they could increase performance and quality. However there are many negatives to usage of BPR. It has an uncertain result because it is an all or nothing technique (high risk). In addition it is said that

The Apartment essays

The Apartment essays The Apartment What exactly does the word meaning indicate? The dictionary states meaning as an implication of a hidden or special significance. In Humanities, the meaning of a film indicates the content, the perception, of what took place in a film. The main meaning of a film depends of the interpretation of a person. There could be one meaning or five meanings, but it depends on the person. The meaning of The Apartment is not a love story, but more of a drama about a man, C.C. Baxter, on a subconscious quest to become more outspoken and stand-up for himself. Characters, film techniques, and music all come together to make The Apartments meaning Characters are very important to a film, without characters, there would not be drama, action nor dialogue. C.C. Baxter is the main character who, throughout the movie, learns how to stick up for himself. Mr. Sheldrake and the four executives bribe Baxter into using his apartment by threatening to fire him. He does not stand up for himself, and lets the executives push him around. Miss. Kubelick, the love of Baxters life, helps him realize he is a pushover and needs to change his life. She helps him on his quest to become a better man, more Film techniques say a lot about a film. Whether the film is sophisticated, dreary, funny, romantic or even scary, film techniques help set the mood. In The Apartment, the director chose to use mostly medium shots and fade-out shots. We can see from the medium close-up shots the facial expressions of Baxter when he lets the executives from work push him around. The fade- out shots happen when an important event occurs. For example, when Baxter waits to get into his apartment, it fades out and goes into a shot of what is happening inside the apartment. From watching inside the apartment to outside with Baxter, we get a feel that Baxter is no ...

Hydromorphone Essays

Hydromorphone Essays Hydromorphone Essay Hydromorphone Essay The name of the drug is called Hydromorphone. The systematic name ( IUPAC ) is 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methylmor-phinan-6-one. Hydromorphone hydrochloride has a chemical expression of C17H19NO3. There are four functional groups in Hydromorphone hydrochloride: An Ether group A Ketone group An Amine group ( third ) A Phenol group Stereochemistry and conformation: Hydromorphone hydrochloride has 4 chiral Centres ( Four different groups attached to a sp3 hybridised C one chiral Centre ) . Therefore it has 24 = 16 stereoisomers. Carbon figure 1 has R-configuration Carbon figure 2 has R-configuration Carbon figure 3 has S-configuration Carbon figure 4 has R-configuration Hydromorphone hydrochloride is a semi-rigid molecule because it is composed of a five-member ring system: the phenolic ring ( A ) , the cyclohexane ring ( B ) , the cyclohexanone ring ( C ) , the N-methyl piperidine ring ( D ) , and the tetrahydrofuran ring ( E ) . The molecule has a T form. Ring A, B and E form a perpendicular plane where the C and D form the horizontal plane. Ringing C exists in a chair conformation due to impregnation of C-C two-base hit between C7 and 8. Ringing D besides exists in chair conformation. Synthesis: Commercially, Hydromorphone is made from morphine via either direct rearrangement ( reflux alky or acidic aqueous solution of morphia with Pt or Pd accelerator ) or decrease of morphia via catalytic hydrogenation, this two reactions both produce Dihydromorphine. The Dihydromorphine so undergo Oppenauer oxidization, where it is oxidised with benzophenone in the presence of K tert butoxide or aluminum tert butoxide to organize Hydromorphone. Drug stableness: The half life of Hydromorphone is 2.6hours through unwritten path, where it takes 18.6 hours for sustained release Palladone. Hydromorphone hydrochloride is affected by visible radiation, although Dilaudid hydrochloride injection may develop a little xanthous stain, this alteration does non bespeak loss of authority. Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection should be protected from visible radiation and stored at a controlled room temperature of 25 grades C, but can be exposed to temperatures runing from 15 to30 grades C ; freeze of the injection should be avoided. Hydromorphone hydrochloride tablets should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers, normally at 15 to30 grades C ; nevertheless, the maker recommends that the 8-mg tablets be stored at 15 to 25 grades C. Hydromorphone hydrochloride unwritten solution should be stored in light-resistant containers at 15 to 25 grades C, and suppositories of the drug should be stored at 2 to 8 grades C. Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection reportedly is physically and chemically stable for at least 24 hours in most common IV extract solutions when protected from visible radiation at 25 grades C. Hydromorphone is somewhat soluble in H2O, freely soluble in intoxicant and really soluble in trichloromethane. Formulation and packaging: In the U.K. Hydromorphone is merely available in signifier of unwritten capsules and modified release capsules, which means it is released easy to widen the length of the drug s consequence. Available strengths for Dilaudid hydrochloride ( Palladone A ; reg ; ) : 1.3mg ( orange/clear ) , net monetary value 56-capsules battalion = A ; lb ; 8.82 ; 2.6mg ( red/clear ) , 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 17.64. Where for the modified ( let go of Palladone A ; reg ; SR ) : m/r, Dilaudid hydrochloride 2mg ( yellow/clear ) , net monetary value 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 20.98 ; 4mg ( pale blue/clear ) , 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 28.75 ; 8mg ( pink/clear ) , 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 56.08 ; 16mg ( brown/clear ) , 56- capsules pack = A ; lb ; 106.53 ; 24mg ( dark blue/clear ) , 56-cap battalion = A ; lb ; 159.82. [ BNF 56 page 235-236 ] . Lipinski s Rules: The molecular weight of Hydromorphone is 285 g/mol. ( below 500 ) The Log P of Hydromorphone is +1.69. ( lower than +5 ) There is merely one H bond donating group, which is the hydroxyl group in Phenol. ( less than 5 groups ) here are merely three H bond accepting groups. ( less than 10 groups ) The functional groups are by and large stable to metabolism, i.e. hydrolysis and oxidizations. Harmonizing to the Lipinski s regulations of five , Hydromorphone is an orally active drug. LogP and treatment of hydrophobic/hydrophilic belongingss: It is possible to foretell the Log P of a molecule by utilizing the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Values ( p Values ) for organic fragments. This gives ( +0.5 x 11 ) + ( +2 x 1 ) + ( -1 X 3 ) + ( -1 X1 ) = +3.5. Therefore, the Predicted LogP = +3.5. Since 3.5 is greater than 0.5, Dilaudid is indissoluble in H2O. ( Soluble in H2O if smaller than 0.5 ) Harmonizing to the predicted LogP, Hydromorphone is a really hydrophobic ( lipotropic ) drug and it can go through through the membrane beds in cell and enter the blood stream ( high soaking up ) . Hydromorphone hydrochloride is indissoluble in H2O because of its non-polar groups. They are: The long aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, i.e. cyclohexanes and the phenyl group. These non-polar groups will non interact with polar H2O molecules as they can non organize H bonds together and hence indissoluble. pKa and ionization province: Hydromorphone hydrochloride has a pKa of 8.2 at 20 grades C [ Medicine Complete ] , it is decrepit acidic. To cipher the per centum of ionisation of Hydromorphone ( weak acid ) at different pH, Equation 1 can be used: Equation 1 % ionisation= 1001+antilog ( pKa-pH ) At pH 2: % ionisation = 1001+antilog ( 8.2-2 ) = 6.31 ten 10-5 % At pH 7.4: % ionisation = 1001+antilog ( 8.2-7.4 ) = 13.7 % At pH 10: % ionisation = 1001+antilog ( 8.2-10 ) = 98.4 % From the computations on the old page, I can reason that merely 6.31 ten 10-5 % of Dilaudid is ionized at pH 2, i.e. in the tummy. Therefore, there are 100 % 6.31 ten 10-5 % = 99.9999 % of nonionized Hydromorphone which can go through through the membrane barrier and enter the blood stream. Hydromorphone is extremely absorbed by the organic structure in tummy. Mode of action: Hydromorphone is an opioid anodyne ; it reacts with the opioid mu-receptors. The mu-receptors are discretely distributed in the human encephalon with high denseness in the posterior amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, thalamus, nucleus caudatus, putamen, and certain cortical countries. These receptors are besides found in the spinal cord and GI piece of land. It binds onto the mu-receptors and exerts its principle pharmacological consequence on the Central Nervous System and GI piece of land to bring forth analgesia and sedation. Hydromorphone is extremely absorbed by the human organic structure and it shows the analgesia consequence really rapidly one time enter the organic structure. It is 8 to 10 times stronger than morphia due to its hydrophobicity ( really lipophilic ) . Bibliography: Samuel, B. , Stanley, G. , Robert, R. ( 2004 ) , Process for the Synthesis of Hydromorphone, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp? WO=2006005112 A ; IA=AU2005001002 A ; DISPLAY=DESC, Date accessed 23/04/10. Author unknown. ( Date unknown ) , One-pot Isomerization of Morphine to Dihydromorphinone ( Hydromorphone ) , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/dihydromorphinones.html, Date accessed 23/04/10. Author unknown. ( 2006 ) , Hydromorphone, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patient.co.uk/medicine/Hydromorphone.htm, Date accessed 23/04/10. Hildebrand, K. , Elsberry, D. , Anderson, V. ( 2001 ) , Stability and Compatibility of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride in an Implantable Infusion System , Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 22 ( 6 ) , Page 1042-1047. Author unknown. ( 2010 ) , Hydromorphone Suppository, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugs.com/cdi/hydromorphone-suppository.html, Date accessed 24/04/10 Lipinski, C. ( 2004 ) , Lipinski s rule-of-five, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bioscreening.com/reference/lipinski_rule.htm, Date accessed 24/04/10. Author unknown. ( 2009 ) , Showing drug card for Hydromorphone ( DB00327 ) , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00327, Date accessed 24/04/10. Clarkes. ( 2006 ) , Clarke s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons Hydromorphone hydrochloride, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/clarke/2009/CLK0851.htm, Date accessed 24/04/10. Author unknown. ( 2008 ) , Monograph Hydromorphone Hydrochloride, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medscape.com/druginfo/monograph? cid=med A ; drugid=11338 A ; drugname=Hydromorphone+Rect A ; monotype=monograph A ; print=1, Date accessed 24/04/10. BMJ Group, . ( 2008 ) . British National Formulary 56, London, RPS Publishing. Bruice, P, . ( 2004 ) . Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, Pearson. Lo, K, . ( 1998 ) Synthesis of N- Phenethylnorhydromorphone, hypertext transfer protocol: //circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/11862/ubc_2001-0456.pdf ; jsessionid=8D12F28D380E801AE9A422C0F9CD3435? sequence=1, Date accessed 26/04/10

US Automobile Industry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US Automobile Industry Analysis - Essay Example Of the over 60,000 employees, 56,447 work in production, for an total of about 114 billion hours every year. The employees working in the automobile industry in the US cost the industry a combined 5.1 billion US dollars. For the production workers there are high levels of unreleased employees’ wages which were almost 4.5 billion dollars at the time of the 2007 census. Despite the intense focus on production, the export market remained vibrant and was able to ship over 84 billion worth of automobiles and automobile parts, against capital expenditures of less than 2 billion US dollars. The US automobile industry is a big industry, engaging in vicious competition in the highly dynamic car market. For instance, the industry spent a staggering $9,961,000 in advertising for the year 2007. From another perspective, the industry contributed even more to government coffers, spending $111,334,000 in taxes and license fees. The study of the US automobile industry reveals some clear segme ntation according to size of the industries. The eight largest companies account for 91.3% of all shipments in an industry that has over 50 car-manufacturing companies. Of the top eight companies, the four biggest accounts for over half of the shipment revenue, scooping a significant 67.6%. The largest 20 companies take a 99.2% share of the export market, meaning that 12 companies following the top 8 companies account for just 7.9%. Thirty of the automobile manufacturers in the US account for just 0.6% of the shipments to overseas markets. Under the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the 50 biggest car-manufacturers have an index of 1,448.8 (US Census Bureau, 1). The index is used to establish how a group of firms fare with regard to size for the industry. According to the index, a value of below 1,500, as given in our case, usually indicates lack of concentration, with significant amounts of competition within the corporations (Investopedia, 1). For the five-year period ranging from 2007 to 2002, the US car-market experienced considerable growth in revenues from shipments, with a small 3,386 million US dollars. over the same time period, the number of shipments per employee fell from 1,295,000 to 1,094,000 (US Census Bureau, 1). In addition, the annual average pay per employee fell from over 78 thousand USD to about 63 US dollars. From a geographical view of the US car market, it is apparent that most manufacturing interests are located on the eastern side of the US, off the noticeably off the coastal states. Also, the number of establishments per million residents remained constant at 0.6. With regard to states, Michigan is the source of most shipments out of the US, with a 25.17% contribution to the shipment incomes. Only Illinois comes close with a 10.14% value of the shipments, while the others account for the remaining 64.69%. Michigan also boasts of 22 establishments for automobile manufacturing. However, the leading state in this regard is California with 32 automobile manufacturing establishments. Noticeably, the industry has had considerable drops in the number of shipments, value of shipments, and annual payroll amounts. Shipments dropped by 7.6%, which closely matched the fall in establishments, which stood at 7.8% (US Census Bureau, 1). The drop in annual payroll was more steep at almost 20%. Company Analysis: Honda Motor Company Background to Honda Motor Company Honda Motor Company is a multinational car manufacturing company incorporated in

Application 5.1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application 5.1 - Assignment Example With an approximate percentage of 85, the Northern and Southern American based dealers facilitate the sales using the created network (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 100). The company has expanded its operations by acquiring several retail outlets located in Berlin, New York, London, Hamburg, Munich and New Jersey. The concert bank program is the main company’s strategy that incorporates the use of local and international based dealers to distribute their products. It allows local and international artists who have hit their mark in their professions to assess different pianos in the outlets and pick one that best suits their needs. With the concert banks stocked with more than 300 pianos located in more than 160 different cities, the company greatly benefits from its engagement with these successful artists (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). It is able to market some of its brands using the name of the performer who is publicly known. Numerous artistic skills are consolidated in order to come up with a grand Steinway concert piano. Different methods have been formulated however the process has maintained is basic initial processes since they have always produced definable results. More than 12000 parts of the grand piano have to be handcrafted before they are perfectly fit to each other to complete the whole puzzle. The uniqueness of these pieces arise from the different types of tones, sound and touch incorporated in each of the pieces (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). Numerous activities are incorporated during the making of the piano such as wood drying, parts-making and finally the piano-making operations. Before the piano is set to be displayed and sold, the makers go through a final stage which is tone regulation. They are tuned to voice the Steinway sound as a unique form of identity (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). Steinway has proved its superiority in the grand piano market by acquiring superb market

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking - Essay Example ver, recent years have shown the will of the two nations to come a peace agreement but political analysts have argued that the influence of outside forces is greater than their will to negotiate a peace deal. One significant external force directly linked to this conflict is the United States. The United States is perceived as a great ally of the Israeli nation. At the same time the nation is directly involved in the quest for peace in the region. In an argument by Citron (2006) the relationship between the United States and Israel is the greatest hindrance to a peace strategy between the Arab and the Israeli. The author further argues that the United States protects nuclear activities carried out by Israel but greatly condemn if any Arab nations use the same weapons. With this intervention, the quest for peace in the region has become an imagination that may never be achieved. It is also an obvious assumption that the Arab population has a significant level of hate against the United States. And their involvement in the conflict in the Gaza does not make the situation better. One could easily argue that the role of the United States in this particular conflict is to safeguard its interest and their diplomatic relationship with Israel. However, to their defense the United States government has on several occasions claimed that its involvement in the conflict is based on its responsibility to stop the use of dangerous nuclear weapons rejected across the globe. Additionally, its significance in the global political front puts the nation in a position whereby it has the obligation to act as the negotiator in this conflict. In an argument by Citron (2006) with the majority of the Arab nation against the role of the United States in the conflict, would it be better if the negotiating responsibility was given to a neutral nation? The same notion is shared by Maoz (2006) who argues that the Arab/Israeli conflict has been heightened by the constant interference of the

Lady Anne Essay Example for Free

Lady Anne Essay In Richard the third, there are many different female characters that are put in contrast to men. The audience is aware of their presence and effect on the men in the play. In this essay the four main female characters will have a character analysis and viewing scenes when women overcome men or either the men make them look vulnerable. The traditional view of men was that they were Dominant, strong, brave, owner and Lord of all that he possessed. The traditional view of women was the object of possession, weak, obedient and homely. They were taught to stay at home, cook for the husband and bring up the children, also to generally do everything in her power to look beautiful for her husband. Men were expected to go out and work, to bring in money to bring up his family, to treat his wife as he saw fit and to be the master of the house. Shakespeares time is actually different to Richard the thirds time, however the view on women is still the same. However, ironically some of the strongest monarchs that England has seen have been women. This shows that although times change, women can still prove to be just as strong as the men. Such as, Bodica who lead her Viking troops into war and defeated the Romans many times. Elizabeth the first was also a very strong monarch in Shakespeares time. That time was a patriarchal society, so men, who could influence the characters in Richard the third, dominated it. Women are seen as the victims. However, the longest reigning monarch is Victoria who reigned for 60 years. This demonstrates long life, strength in war and battle, and also strength of mind in many situations. Shakespeares female characters have been demonstrated as weak. Such as Lady Macbeth. When she knows she has to murder another human, she calls unsex me now, which would demonstrate her needing to lose her traditional feminine self and caring characteristics to enable her to do such a deed. She has been subverted to the patriarchal society. Another female character that Shakespeares written of, is Hero in Much ado about nothing. She plays a weak character that the male villains set up a plot against her in front of her betrothed and other male witnesses. The plot is then announced in front of her whole family and household. She is disgraced and Claudio will not marry her. In order to prove her innocence, she has to deceive all of her household until her innocence is found when she can truly step back into society. However, a very strong character is shown in the same play. Beatrice is a strong minded, outspoken and somewhat swaggering. Especially in her responses when Benedict challenges her, a male character that mirrors her perfectly. If the play were not set in such a loving family environment, she would not be accepted as an honorable wife or possession. How the story ends is her strong character is just a front, and she loses it when she falls in love with her reflective character, as she does not feel threatened anymore. In Richard the third, there are many female characters that reflect Shakespeares views on females. The first character analysis is of Lady Anne: She is a woman in control and shows this in the first sexual scene when Richard seduces her. She is shown up at first as weak. She is walking behind the coffin of her dead father; this shows that the strong male in her life is no longer there to support her. She is also in mourning and very vulnerable as she could be bewildered about her emotions. Richard knows this and so he makes sure it is used to his advantage. Everything he says to try and woe her though, she throws back at him. Line 50 Act 1 scene2 Foul devil [ ] trouble us not and on Line 70 villain, [ ] no beast so fierce. These are insults thrown at Richard to make it seem like she does not care for his compliments and this male character will not knock her down. She represents female characters as strong in this scene, even if it is just a front to protect her from the exposed position she finds herself in. However, Richard always replies with a compliment in order to woe her and targets her vanity. This works and she shows that she is helpless when she is flattered by comments like Line 49 act 1 scene 2 Sweet saint [ ] be not so curst. Here, Richard is deluding her whilst aiming at her weakness as he does with each of his victims in different ways. The significance that she is a woman is important because it demonstrates her as being a specific target that he is weakening.

The Metamorphosis of Paul Baumer in All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

The Metamorphosis of Paul Baumer in All Quiet on the Western Front       Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque's protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons-parents, elders, school, religion-that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer's realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not understand the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does understand the truth as Baumer has experienced it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remarque demonstrates Baumer's disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer's pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents,too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one's parents were ready with the word 'coward'" (Remarque, All Quiet I.

A College Degree: What’s the Point?

Nowadays there are many millionaires and even billionaires, who don’t have a college degree. Some of them quit collage while others didn’t even step foot into collage. The entertainment industry is filled with high school dropouts and people who never stepped inside college, yet these people are often millionaires, earning millions of dollars. This leaves one wondering whether a college degree is really necessary or can one do without one.In this era that is riddled with economic recession and unemployment, the world is no longer as friendly to college graduates as it used to be in past decades. More and more fresh graduates are finding themselves unemployed or in jobs without security as the world becomes more and more competitive.John Goes argues that modern education has two purposes; to show that one was smart enough to get into college, and to show a prospective employer that one may be smart enough to learn their job-specific skills. He argues that college degrees have become the modern day IQ tests to determine employability following the ban of IQ testing of job-applicants by the governments (Goes, par4).John Goes further argues that nowadays people have been conditioned to think that anybody can get a college degree. A few decades ago it was accepted that half the people were below average. Only half the people got high school diplomas and only 1 in 20 students managed to obtain a Bachelors degree.Today the statistics indicate that there is an 80% to 90% high school diploma attainment rate (Goes, par5). What is worse is that the cost of acquiring a college degree is now very high. So high that, one Trina Thompson filled a law suite against her alma mater Monroe College for the refund of the $70,000 tuition due to the fact that no one wants to employ someone with a worthless degree. She accused the college for false advertising (Goes, par6).But, to say that college degrees are now worthless is to be shortsighted. The benefits of acquiring a college degree may not be evident in the short-term but are always plenty in the long run. The fact that more people are getting degrees nowadays does not mean that college degrees have lost their value rather it shows that college degrees have become more valuable. Acquiring a college degree definitely puts one ahead in the job market.The recession that hit the world last year resulted in the loss of many jobs. What is to note however is that the majority of the jobs lost were jobs in the manufacturing industry. These jobs were mainly blue collar jobs that were mostly taken by high school graduates and dropouts. Once the recession hit, many companies closed shop, others relocated their operations to more labor economic countries.It was reported that the US economy had shed 131,000 jobs by 6th August this year and that unemployment rates remained stuck at 9.5% (Aljazeera, par1). The private sector only managed to create 71, 000 jobs. Experts say that this rate is too slow for the country to recover its pre-recession employment rate.Blue collar jobs are routine jobs which are more manual and do not require a lot of mental output. Being manual, these jobs can be easily done by other people given the right instructions or by machines which have been programmed to do these tasks. Therefore people who work in blue collar jobs are easily dispensable.However, jobs that are more technical and requiring of high skills are often the kinds that require degrees. Even in the recession many college graduates did not lose their jobs. Even when they lost their jobs it was possible for them to search for telecommute jobs which more and more companies began to offer as alternative employment to laid off employees. High skill jobs like financial jobs and medical jobs continue to pay off in spite of the recession.What’s more college degrees attract higher pay. The acquisition of a college degree in a particular field usually makes the person specialized. Specialization l eads to mastering of ones work and creating high skills which make the person a professional in his field of specialization. College graduates earn an average of $20, 000, far much more than non-college graduates (Milliken, par2). Experts argue that college graduates have significantly lower unemployment rates, rely less on public assistance and enjoy better health making them an asset to any employer and country.Because the current world is still as keen on academic certificates as it was three decades ago, perhaps even more so as competition for jobs continues to go up. It is no wonder then that professionals continue to go back to college to acquire higher degrees in order to improve their skills and therefore their chances of promotion and better pay. In fact when an employee seeks to get a promotion the best tactic would be to get a college degree, because coupled with the person’s work experience a college degree is like having gold in ones possession.Another reason for one to get a college degree would be for the purpose of self fulfillment. All of us are born with the need to excel, for some of us this need is so great that it cannot be ignored. This need is ever present within us so that if we settle for anything less that we ha envisioned for ourselves than we end up miserable.The acquisition of a college degree is one a venue of fulfilling our need to excel. Going to college has become second-nature majority of college educated parents and their children. Jay Mathews defines it as instinctual as tacking an August vacation (Mathews, par4). With so many people dropping out of high school or even never proceeding to college getting a college degree remains an achievement worth acknowledging.So many people are stuck in a job that they may not like, or a job that may not pay them nearly enough to survive and meet their basic needs and the basic needs of their families. Often the acquisition of a college degree is usually the means of achieving the ir desire for a better paying job and a more fulfilling one. A college degree is therefore a means of self fulfillment and acquiring the social and financial status that one dreams of.Some millionaire and billionaires may not have a college degree, but college degrees remain important and valuable. Bill Gates had to go to college in order for him to get the inspiration to start Microsoft. Even though he did not graduate he got knowledge that helped him build his dream. College is a mine of ideas and knowledge, and no one should miss out on an opportunity to acquire either or both of these.ReferencesGoes, John. What Is the Point of a College Education. 24 August 2009. 7 August 2010http://media.www.chicagoflame.com/media/storage/paper519/news/2009/08/24/Opinions/Whats.The.Point.Of.A.College.Education-3755931.shtmlAljazeera. US Employers Shed 131,000 Jobs. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/08/20108616525186107.htmlMilliken, James. Growing Imp ortance of a College Education. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010.http://fremonttribune.com/news/opinion/columnists/article_ab479f02-a161-11df-9183-001cc4c03286.htmlMathews, Jay. Patrick Welsh Is Wrong About Too Many Going to College. 29 July 2010. 7 August 2010. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/class-struggle/2010/07/patrick_welsh_is_wrong_about_t.html   

Legalizing Same Sex Marriage

Damien. Lorden Unit 3 Individual Project There are many cause and effects to legalizing same-sex marriage, whether they are beneficial or not depends on the situation at hand. It’s becoming more common in today’s society to be homosexual. Most of the older generations think that it’s something that shouldn’t be legalized, weather it is has to deal with religion, someone’s way of life or whatever else the case may be.Although on the other hand, the younger generations now are becoming more accepting of the thought of same-sex couples. Most young adults/teenagers think that same-sex marriage is acceptable; that everyone should have the right to be happy and love is love no matter what they are. Even though there have been some good bad explanations to why same-sex marriage shouldn’t be legal; there are also many reasons why same-sex marriage should be legalized. There are many benefits to legalizing same-sex marriage that most neglect to realiz e.According to Ramesh Ponnuru in â€Å"Coming out Ahead,† Ponnuru states, â€Å"three causes that change the public’s attitude towards same-sex marriage are sexual revolution, gay activism in the 1990’s, and the disappointment of social conservative organizations† (Ponnuru, 2003). He continues to state â€Å"it’s time for conservatives to take their cue from the New Jersey Nets, or maybe from those hard-luck kids, the Boston Red Sox† (Ponnuru, 2003). He explains how it’s time to accept the revolution and stop trying to use other problems to avoid the difference in lifestyles of the old days and face the new upcoming eras.The times are changing and so should the way the government compares the new rules and regulations of today to previous eras and generations. The way people think and live today are similar, but not the same to how we thought and lived back then. The technology, economy, government, and even schools have changed throu ghout time. If inanimate objects can change throughout time with rules and regulations changing based on their evolution, why can’t rules and regulation change based on era changes/evolutions?In â€Å"What Century Is This Anyway† Edmund White states how â€Å"his generation watched their families marry and with that, 1 out of every 2 marriages ended with a divorce† (White, 1998). With White’s previous quote it could be used as a statement to help benefit legalizing same-sex marriage because: with legalizing same-sex marriage it could help by increasing marriage rates and help with lowering or at least maintaining the divorce rate. â€Å"The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was the state of Massachusetts in 2004† (ProCon. org, 2013).This had lead Massachusetts to have â€Å"their divorce rate lowered 21% between the years 2003 and 2008 also resulting in the lowest divorce rate in the country in 2008† (ProCon. org, 2013). On the other hand, â€Å"Alaska was the first state to alter its constitution to ban same-sex marriage in 1998 causing an increase of 17. 2% in its divorce rate† (ProCon. org, 2013). â€Å"Between the years 2003 to 2008, the seven states with the highest divorce rating all had constitutional prohibitions to same-sex marriage† (ProCon. org, 2013). Most would think that divorce rates count for at least something in the government and economy today.On the gaymarriage. procon. org website is a list of pros and cons for legalizing same-sex marriage. According to one of the many pros listed, â€Å"same-sex marriage could benefit everyone by financial gain to state and local governments† (ProCon. org). Between â€Å"marriage licenses, higher income taxes (the so-called â€Å"marriage penalty†), and the decreases in costs for state benefit programs. The Comptroller for New York City found that legalizing gay marriage would bring $142 million to the City’s economy and $184 million to the State’s economy over three years† (ProCon. org). Same-sex marriage will also make it easier for same-sex couples to adopt† (ProCon. org, 2013). This would benefit the â€Å"US with the 100,000 children are waiting to be adopted, a longitudinal study published in Pediatrics on June 7, 2010† (ProCon. org, 2013). This study â€Å"found that children of lesbian mothers were rated higher than children of heterosexual parents in social and academic competence. The children also had fewer social problems† (ProCon. org, 2013). â€Å"Another study on July 2010 found that children of gay fathers were â€Å"as well-adjusted as those adopted by heterosexual parents†Ã¢â‚¬  (ProCon. rg, 2013) In conclusion, legalizing same-sex marriage can be a very beneficial thing for our government as well as the economy. With the change of times, generations and eras, it’s time to change the ways and views of traditional values. â€Å"Two people of the same sex who love each other should be allowed to publicly celebrate their commitment and receive the same benefits of marriage as opposite sex couples† (ProCon. org). â€Å"There is no such thing as traditional marriage† (ProCon. org). It’s time to except the revolution!

Rise of Christianity essays

Rise of Christianity essays Sub: RISE OF CHRISTIANITY AMONGST THE ROMANS, The rise of the Christian religion amongst our Roman people is indeed a serious cause of concern, and I have, upon your esteemed orders carried a detailed study on the numerous causes of this new religion's success. Please allow me to present some of these causes, which I am certain will be a source of enlightenment for you as well as the other leaders of our great Roman Empire. As my present letter will explain, some of the important reasons for the continued success of the Christian religion lies in our policies of tolerating alien gods, the belief and practice of martyrs which strengthened the Christian religion, and most significant reason of all, the willingness of the elite, the educated as well as the general masses alike in accepting the Christian religion. My dear Emperor, it has been our Roman belief and part of our policies to allow freedom to our people to obey a number of gods, as we do, such as our gods, Jupiter, Mercury, and Neptune to name but a few. Thus, the rise and growth of Christianity by obeying their god comes as no surprise. The absence of any single law or rule in the Roman Empire against persecution of believers of alien gods, makes it all the more suitable for any religion to prosper without any hindrance or obstruction from state authorities, thus the rise and growth of this religion. As will be evident from our own history, it was not before Emperor Deicius, that some form of persecution began in the issuance of edicts, that the spread of Christianity was interrupted. Furthermore, even the issuance of these edicts did little to actually stop the rise of Christianity, as the holy scriptures of this religion already foretold the events, and only proved what was already written. In fact, these steps only strengthened their beliefs, and were construed to be a step in the right direction. My dear Emperor, another reason for the speedy rise and grow...

The Use of I in First Person Narration

The Use of I in First Person Narration The Use of â€Å"I† in First Person Narration The Use of â€Å"I† in First Person Narration By Maeve Maddox Graham Broadley wrote: If I am writing a short story in the first person are there any tips or tricks for avoiding the overuse of the word i? My usual writing style leans towards short sentences but this seems to increase the frequency of the word â€Å"I† popping up.   Are longer sentences a way round the problem? Also, Im trying to avoid sentences starting with â€Å"I†.   Do you have any advice, tips and tricks for writing in the first person? It is inevitable that writing in first person will require frequent use of I, me, and myespecially I. This should not present a problem. In a first person narration, the pronoun â€Å"I† is probably as invisible to the reader as the word â€Å"said.† Besides, the point of writing in first person is to establish an intimate bond with the reader. The reader becomes the â€Å"I† of the story. Listen to your own words and thoughts during the course of a day. The word â€Å"I† is probably the most frequent word that forms in your mind and comes from your mouth. Plenty of websites discuss the use of first person narration, but I think the best way to see what works and what doesn’t is to analyze a published work of fiction. You might want to analyze some of your favorite writers to see how they deal with the pronoun I. For example, in preparing this post I took a close look at the way Laurie R. King handles it. Laurie R. King is a prolific writer, averaging a book a year since the publication of her first novel in 1993. She has created not one, but two mystery series. One is set in contemporary California and features Inspector Kate Martinelli. The other is set in the era of Sherlock Holmes and features Mary Russell. King has also written several stand-alone novels. So far I’ve read only some of the Mary Russell books. I find them intelligent, entertaining, and unputdownable. I’ll analyze a few pages to see how King deals with the problems mentioned by our reader. In the first chapter of A Letter of Mary, about 2,000 words, the pronoun â€Å"I† appears 60 times. Note: All of these figures are approximate. Here’s the breakdown on how the pronoun I is distributed: Mary 39 Holmes 7 Dorothy Ruskin (in a letter) 14. The paragraph with the greatest number contains nine: †Megalomania, perhaps; senility, never.† I stood and watched a small fishing boat lying off shore, and I wondered what to do. The work was going slowly, and I could ill afford to take even half a day away from it. On the other hand, it would be a joy to spend some time with that peculiar old lady, whom I indeed remembered very well. Also, Holmes seemed interested. It would at least provide a distraction until I could decide what needed doing for him. â€Å"All right, we’ll have her here a day sooner, then, on the Wednesday. I’ll suggest the noon train. I’m certain Mrs Hudson can be persuaded to leave something for our tea, so we need not risk our visitor’s health. I also think I’ll go to Town tomorrow and drop by the British Museum for a while. Will you come?† Sentence length does not seem to have much to do with the frequency of I. King’s sentences tend to be long. Sentences that begin with the pronoun I don’t particularly jump out. In the analyzed passage, 14 of the narrator’s 39 subject pronouns begin sentences. Bottom line: Write your first person story without worrying about the pronouns. You can always see ways to reduce them in revision, if you think it’s necessary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†The Possessive ApostropheMay Have vs. Might Have